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A dominant autoinflammatory disease caused by non-cleavable variants of RIPK1 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 109-+
作者:  Tao, Panfeng;  Sun, Jinqiao;  Wu, Zheming;  Wang, Shihao;  Wang, Jun;  Li, Wanjin;  Pan, Heling;  Bai, Renkui;  Zhang, Jiahui;  Wang, Ying;  Lee, Pui Y.;  Ying, Wenjing;  Zhou, Qinhua;  Hou, Jia;  Wang, Wenjie;  Sun, Bijun;  Yang, Mi;  Liu, Danru;  Fang, Ran;  Han, Huan;  Yang, Zhaohui;  Huang, Xin;  Li, Haibo;  Deuitch, Natalie;  Zhang, Yuan;  Dissanayake, Dilan;  Haude, Katrina;  McWalter, Kirsty;  Roadhouse, Chelsea;  MacKenzie, Jennifer J.;  Laxer, Ronald M.;  Aksentijevich, Ivona;  Yu, Xiaomin;  Wang, Xiaochuan;  Yuan, Junying;  Zhou, Qing
收藏  |  浏览/下载:26/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Activation of RIPK1 controls TNF-mediated apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammatory pathways(1). Cleavage of human and mouse RIPK1 after residues D324 and D325, respectively, by caspase-8 separates the RIPK1 kinase domain from the intermediate and death domains. The D325A mutation in mouse RIPK1 leads to embryonic lethality during mouse development(2,3). However, the functional importance of blocking caspase-8-mediated cleavage of RIPK1 on RIPK1 activation in humans is unknown. Here we identify two families with variants in RIPK1 (D324V and D324H) that lead to distinct symptoms of recurrent fevers and lymphadenopathy in an autosomaldominant manner. Impaired cleavage of RIPK1 D324 variants by caspase-8 sensitized patients'  peripheral blood mononuclear cells to RIPK1 activation, apoptosis and necroptosis induced by TNF. The patients showed strong RIPK1-dependent activation of inflammatory signalling pathways and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared with unaffected controls. Furthermore, we show that expression of the RIPK1 mutants D325V or D325H in mouse embryonic fibroblasts confers not only increased sensitivity to RIPK1 activation-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis, but also induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF. By contrast, patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced expression of RIPK1 and downregulated production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in resistance to necroptosis and ferroptosis. Together, these data suggest that human non-cleavable RIPK1 variants promote activation of RIPK1, and lead to an autoinflammatory disease characterized by hypersensitivity to apoptosis and necroptosis and increased inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as a compensatory mechanism to protect against several pro-death stimuli in fibroblasts.


  
An acute immune response underlies the benefit of cardiac stem cell therapy 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7790) : 405-+
作者:  Schmacke, Niklas A.;  Hornung, Veit
收藏  |  浏览/下载:20/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Clinical trials using adult stem cells to regenerate damaged heart tissue continue to this day(1,2), despite ongoing questions of efficacy and a lack of mechanistic understanding of the underlying biological effect(3). The rationale for these cell therapy trials is derived from animal studies that show a modest but reproducible improvement in cardiac function in models of cardiac ischaemic injury(4,5). Here we examine the mechanistic basis for cell therapy in mice after ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and find that-although heart function is enhanced-it is not associated with the production of new cardiomyocytes. Cell therapy improved heart function through an acute sterile immune response characterized by the temporal and regional induction of CCR2(+) and CX3CR1(+) macrophages. Intracardiac injection of two distinct types of adult stem cells, cells killed by freezing and thawing or a chemical inducer of the innate immune response all induced a similar regional accumulation of CCR2(+) and CX3CR1(+) macrophages, and provided functional rejuvenation to the heart after ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This selective macrophage response altered the activity of cardiac fibroblasts, reduced the extracellular matrix content in the border zone and enhanced the mechanical properties of the injured area. The functional benefit of cardiac cell therapy is thus due to an acute inflammatory-based wound-healing response that rejuvenates the infarcted area of the heart.


  
Electromechanical coupling in the hyperpolarization-activated K+ channel KAT1 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7814) : 145-+
作者:  Jin, Zhenming;  Du, Xiaoyu;  Xu, Yechun;  Deng, Yongqiang;  Liu, Meiqin;  Zhao, Yao;  Zhang, Bing;  Li, Xiaofeng;  Zhang, Leike;  Peng, Chao;  Duan, Yinkai;  Yu, Jing;  Wang, Lin;  Yang, Kailin;  Liu, Fengjiang;  Jiang, Rendi;  Yang, Xinglou;  You, Tian;  Liu, Xiaoce
收藏  |  浏览/下载:28/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Voltage-gated potassium (K-v) channels coordinate electrical signalling and control cell volume by gating in response to membrane depolarization or hyperpolarization. However, although voltage-sensing domains transduce transmembrane electric field changes by a common mechanism involving the outward or inward translocation of gating charges(1-3), the general determinants of channel gating polarity remain poorly understood(4). Here we suggest a molecular mechanism for electromechanical coupling and gating polarity in non-domain-swapped K-v channels on the basis of the cryo-electron microscopy structure of KAT1, the hyperpolarization-activated K-v channel from Arabidopsis thaliana. KAT1 displays a depolarized voltage sensor, which interacts with a closed pore domain directly via two interfaces and indirectly via an intercalated phospholipid. Functional evaluation of KAT1 structure-guided mutants at the sensor-pore interfaces suggests a mechanism in which direct interaction between the sensor and the C-linker hairpin in the adjacent pore subunit is the primary determinant of gating polarity. We suggest that an inward motion of the S4 sensor helix of approximately 5-7 angstrom can underlie a direct-coupling mechanism, driving a conformational reorientation of the C-linker and ultimately opening the activation gate formed by the S6 intracellular bundle. This direct-coupling mechanism contrasts with allosteric mechanisms proposed for hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels(5), and may represent an unexpected link between depolarization- and hyperpolarization-activated channels.


The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the hyperpolarization-activated K+ channel KAT1 points to a direct-coupling mechanism between S4 movement and the reorientation of the C-linker.


  
The gut-brain axis mediates sugar preference 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7804) : 511-+
作者:  Wang, Ruicong;  Li, Hongda;  Wu, Jianfeng;  Cai, Zhi-Yu;  Li, Baizhou;  Ni, Hengxiao;  Qiu, Xingfeng;  Chen, Hui;  Liu, Wei;  Yang, Zhang-Hua;  Liu, Min;  Hu, Jin;  Liang, Yaoji;  Lan, Ping;  Han, Jiahuai;  Mo, Wei
收藏  |  浏览/下载:17/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

The taste of sugar is one of the most basic sensory percepts for humans and other animals. Animals can develop a strong preference for sugar even if they lack sweet taste receptors, indicating a mechanism independent of taste(1-3). Here we examined the neural basis for sugar preference and demonstrate that a population of neurons in the vagal ganglia and brainstem are activated via the gut-brain axis to create preference for sugar. These neurons are stimulated in response to sugar but not artificial sweeteners, and are activated by direct delivery of sugar to the gut. Using functional imaging we monitored activity of the gut-brain axis, and identified the vagal neurons activated by intestinal delivery of glucose. Next, we engineered mice in which synaptic activity in this gut-to-brain circuit was genetically silenced, and prevented the development of behavioural preference for sugar. Moreover, we show that co-opting this circuit by chemogenetic activation can create preferences to otherwise less-preferred stimuli. Together, these findings reveal a gut-to-brain post-ingestive sugar-sensing pathway critical for the development of sugar preference. In addition, they explain the neural basis for differences in the behavioural effects of sweeteners versus sugar, and uncover an essential circuit underlying the highly appetitive effects of sugar.


Experiments in mice show that a population of neurons in the vagal ganglia respond to the presence of glucose in the gut and connect to neurons in the brainstem, revealing the circuit that underlies the neural basis for the behavioural preference for sugar.


  
Constructing protein polyhedra via orthogonal chemical interactions 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7793) : 172-+
作者:  Mooley, K. P.;  Deller, A. T.;  Gottlieb, O.;  Nakar, E.;  Hallinan, G.;  Bourke, S.;  Frail, D. A.;  Horesh, A.;  Corsi, A.;  Hotokezaka, K.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Many proteins exist naturally as symmetrical homooligomers or homopolymers(1). The emergent structural and functional properties of such protein assemblies have inspired extensive efforts in biomolecular design(2-5). As synthesized by ribosomes, proteins are inherently asymmetric. Thus, they must acquire multiple surface patches that selectively associate to generate the different symmetry elements needed to form higher-order architectures(1,6)-a daunting task for protein design. Here we address this problem using an inorganic chemical approach, whereby multiple modes of protein-protein interactions and symmetry are simultaneously achieved by selective, '  one-pot'  coordination of soft and hard metal ions. We show that a monomeric protein (protomer) appropriately modified with biologically inspired hydroxamate groups and zinc-binding motifs assembles through concurrent Fe3+ and Zn2+ coordination into discrete dodecameric and hexameric cages. Our cages closely resemble natural polyhedral protein architectures(7,8) and are, to our knowledge, unique among designed systems(9-13) in that they possess tightly packed shells devoid of large apertures. At the same time, they can assemble and disassemble in response to diverse stimuli, owing to their heterobimetallic construction on minimal interprotein-bonding footprints. With stoichiometries ranging from [2 Fe:9 Zn:6 protomers] to [8 Fe:21 Zn:12 protomers], these protein cages represent some of the compositionally most complex protein assemblies-or inorganic coordination complexes-obtained by design.


An inorganic chemical approach to biomolecular design is used to generate '  cages'  that can simultaneously promote symmetry and multiple modes of protein interactions.


  
B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7791) : 549-+
作者:  Zhang, Liangsheng;  Chen, Fei;  Zhang, Xingtan;  Li, Zhen;  Zhao, Yiyong;  Lohaus, Rolf;  Chang, Xiaojun;  Dong, Wei;  Ho, Simon Y. W.;  Liu, Xing;  Song, Aixia;  Chen, Junhao;  Guo, Wenlei;  Wang, Zhengjia;  Zhuang, Yingyu;  Wang, Haifeng;  Chen, Xuequn;  Hu, Juan;  Liu, Yanhui;  Qin, Yuan;  Wang, Kai;  Dong, Shanshan;  Liu, Yang;  Zhang, Shouzhou;  Yu, Xianxian;  Wu, Qian;  Wang, Liangsheng;  Yan, Xueqing;  Jiao, Yuannian;  Kong, Hongzhi;  Zhou, Xiaofan;  Yu, Cuiwei;  Chen, Yuchu;  Li, Fan;  Wang, Jihua;  Chen, Wei;  Chen, Xinlu;  Jia, Qidong;  Zhang, Chi;  Jiang, Yifan;  Zhang, Wanbo;  Liu, Guanhua;  Fu, Jianyu;  Chen, Feng;  Ma, Hong;  Van de Peer, Yves;  Tang, Haibao
收藏  |  浏览/下载:42/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Multiomic profiling of several cohorts of patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade highlights the presence and potential role of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in promoting therapy response.


Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer therapy. Until now, predictive biomarkers(1-10) and strategies to augment clinical response have largely focused on the T cell compartment. However, other immune subsets may also contribute to anti-tumour immunity(11-15), although these have been less well-studied in ICB treatment(16). A previously conducted neoadjuvant ICB trial in patients with melanoma showed via targeted expression profiling(17) that B cell signatures were enriched in the tumours of patients who respond to treatment versus non-responding patients. To build on this, here we performed bulk RNA sequencing and found that B cell markers were the most differentially expressed genes in the tumours of responders versus non-responders. Our findings were corroborated using a computational method (MCP-counter(18)) to estimate the immune and stromal composition in this and two other ICB-treated cohorts (patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma). Histological evaluation highlighted the localization of B cells within tertiary lymphoid structures. We assessed the potential functional contributions of B cells via bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, which demonstrate clonal expansion and unique functional states of B cells in responders. Mass cytometry showed that switched memory B cells were enriched in the tumours of responders. Together, these data provide insights into the potential role of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in the response to ICB treatment, with implications for the development of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.


  
Biomass encounter rates limit the size scaling of feeding interactions 期刊论文
ECOLOGY LETTERS, 2019, 22 (11) : 1870-1878
作者:  Barrios-O&;  39;Neill, Daniel
收藏  |  浏览/下载:4/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Agent-based modelling  body size  consumer-resource interactions  feeding rates  functional response  marine benthos  
Divergence of soil microarthropod (Hexapoda: Collembola) recovery patterns during natural regeneration and regeneration by planting of windthrown pine forests 期刊论文
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2018, 429: 414-424
作者:  Sterzynska, Maria;  Sklodowski, Jaroslaw
收藏  |  浏览/下载:4/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Disturbances  Forest ecosystems  Succession  IndVal  LAI index  Functional traits  Principal response curve PRC  
Spatio-temporal responses of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) to silvicultural treatments in the Northern Rockies, US 期刊论文
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2018, 422: 114-124
作者:  Holbrook, Joseph D.;  Squires, John R.;  Bollenbacher, Barry;  Graham, Russ;  Olson, Lucretia E.;  Hanvey, Gary;  Jackson, Scott;  Lawrence, Rick L.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Endangered species  Functional response  Hurdle model  Intensity of use  Lepus americans  Multi-scale  Occupancy  Patch use  Resource selection  Silviculture  Snowshoe hare  
The functional response and resilience in small waterbodies along land-use and environmental gradients 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2018, 24 (7) : 3079-3092
作者:  Thornhill, Ian A.;  Biggs, Jeremy;  Hill, Matthew J.;  Briers, Robert;  Gledhill, David;  Wood, Paul J.;  Gee, John H. R.;  Ledger, Mark;  Hassall, Christopher
收藏  |  浏览/下载:2/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
ecosystem functioning  ecosystem services  functional resilience  nutrient recycling  ponds  response diversity