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Pharmacologic fibroblast reprogramming into photoreceptors restores vision 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7806) : 83-+
作者:  Jiang, Mingkai;  Medlyn, Belinda E.;  Drake, John E.;  Duursma, Remko A.;  Anderson, Ian C.;  Barton, Craig V. M.;  Boer, Matthias M.;  Carrillo, Yolima;  Castaneda-Gomez, Laura;  Collins, Luke;  Crous, Kristine Y.;  De Kauwe, Martin G.;  dos Santos, Bruna M.;  Emmerson, Kathryn M.;  Facey, Sarah L.;  Gherlenda, Andrew N.;  Gimeno, Teresa E.;  Hasegawa, Shun;  Johnson, Scott N.;  Kannaste, Astrid;  Macdonald, Catriona A.;  Mahmud, Kashif;  Moore, Ben D.;  Nazaries, Loic;  Neilson, Elizabeth H. J.;  Nielsen, Uffe N.;  Niinemets, Ulo;  Noh, Nam Jin;  Ochoa-Hueso, Raul;  Pathare, Varsha S.;  Pendall, Elise;  Pihlblad, Johanna;  Pineiro, Juan;  Powell, Jeff R.;  Power, Sally A.;  Reich, Peter B.;  Renchon, Alexandre A.;  Riegler, Markus;  Rinnan, Riikka;  Rymer, Paul D.;  Salomon, Roberto L.;  Singh, Brajesh K.;  Smith, Benjamin;  Tjoelker, Mark G.;  Walker, Jennifer K. M.;  Wujeska-Klause, Agnieszka;  Yang, Jinyan;  Zaehle, Soenke;  Ellsworth, David S.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:45/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Photoreceptor loss is the final common endpoint in most retinopathies that lead to irreversible blindness, and there are no effective treatments to restore vision(1,2). Chemical reprogramming of fibroblasts offers an opportunity to reverse vision loss  however, the generation of sensory neuronal subtypes such as photoreceptors remains a challenge. Here we report that the administration of a set of five small molecules can chemically induce the transformation of fibroblasts into rod photoreceptor-like cells. The transplantation of these chemically induced photoreceptor-like cells (CiPCs) into the subretinal space of rod degeneration mice (homozygous for rd1, also known as Pde6b) leads to partial restoration of the pupil reflex and visual function. We show that mitonuclear communication is a key determining factor for the reprogramming of fibroblasts into CiPCs. Specifically, treatment with these five compounds leads to the translocation of AXIN2 to the mitochondria, which results in the production of reactive oxygen species, the activation of NF-kappa B and the upregulation of Ascl1. We anticipate that CiPCs could have therapeutic potential for restoring vision.


A set of five small molecules can induce the transformation of fibroblasts into rod photoreceptor-like cells, which can partially restore pupil reflex and visual function when transplanted into a rod degeneration mouse model.


  
Microbial evolutionary strategies in a dynamic ocean 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (11) : 5943-5948
作者:  Walworth, Nathan G.;  Zakem, Emily J.;  Dunne, John P.;  Collins, Sinead;  Levine, Naomi M.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
evolution  marine microbes  fluctuating environment  adaptation timescales  advection  
Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7797) : 80-+
作者:  Wannes Hubau;  Simon L. Lewis;  Oliver L. Phillips;  Kofi Affum-Baffoe;  Hans Beeckman;  Aida Cuní;  -Sanchez;  Armandu K. Daniels;  Corneille E. N. Ewango;  Sophie Fauset;  Jacques M. Mukinzi;  Douglas Sheil;  Bonaventure Sonké;  Martin J. P. Sullivan;  Terry C. H. Sunderland;  Hermann Taedoumg;  Sean C. Thomas;  Lee J. T. White;  Katharine A. Abernethy;  Stephen Adu-Bredu;  Christian A. Amani;  Timothy R. Baker;  Lindsay F. Banin;  Fidè;  le Baya;  Serge K. Begne;  Amy C. Bennett;  Fabrice Benedet;  Robert Bitariho;  Yannick E. Bocko;  Pascal Boeckx;  Patrick Boundja;  Roel J. W. Brienen;  Terry Brncic;  Eric Chezeaux;  George B. Chuyong;  Connie J. Clark;  Murray Collins;  James A. Comiskey;  David A. Coomes;  Greta C. Dargie;  Thales de Haulleville;  Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem;  Jean-Louis Doucet;  Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert;  Ted R. Feldpausch;  Alusine Fofanah;  Ernest G. Foli;  Martin Gilpin;  Emanuel Gloor;  Christelle Gonmadje;  Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury;  Jefferson S. Hall;  Alan C. Hamilton;  David J. Harris;  Terese B. Hart;  Mireille B. N. Hockemba;  Annette Hladik;  Suspense A. Ifo;  Kathryn J. Jeffery;  Tommaso Jucker;  Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu;  Elizabeth Kearsley;  David Kenfack;  Alexander Koch;  Miguel E. Leal;  Aurora Levesley;  Jeremy A. Lindsell;  Janvier Lisingo;  Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez;  Jon C. Lovett;  Jean-Remy Makana;  Yadvinder Malhi;  Andrew R. Marshall;  Jim Martin;  Emanuel H. Martin;  Faustin M. Mbayu;  Vincent P. Medjibe;  Vianet Mihindou;  Edward T. A. Mitchard;  Sam Moore;  Pantaleo K. T. Munishi;  Natacha Nssi Bengone;  Lucas Ojo;  Fidè;  le Evouna Ondo;  Kelvin S.-H. Peh;  Georgia C. Pickavance;  Axel Dalberg Poulsen;  John R. Poulsen;  Lan Qie;  Jan Reitsma;  Francesco Rovero;  Michael D. Swaine;  Joey Talbot;  James Taplin;  David M. Taylor;  Duncan W. Thomas;  Benjamin Toirambe;  John Tshibamba Mukendi;  Darlington Tuagben;  Peter M. Umunay;  Geertje M. F. van der Heijden;  Hans Verbeeck;  Jason Vleminckx;  Simon Willcock;  Hannsjö;  rg Wö;  ll;  John T. Woods;  Lise Zemagho
收藏  |  浏览/下载:23/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions(1-3). Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest '  carbon sink'  will continue for decades(4,5). Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53-0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests(6). Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth'  s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature(7-9). Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth'  s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass(10) reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth'  s climate.


  
Initial results from the InSight mission on Mars 期刊论文
NATURE GEOSCIENCE, 2020, 13 (3) : 183-+
作者:  Banerdt, W. Bruce;  Smrekar, Suzanne E.;  Banfield, Don;  Giardini, Domenico;  Golombek, Matthew;  Johnson, Catherine L.;  Lognonne, Philippe;  Spiga, Aymeric;  Spohn, Tilman;  Perrin, Clement;  Staehler, Simon C.;  Antonangeli, Daniele;  Asmar, Sami;  Beghein, Caroline;  Bowles, Neil;  Bozdag, Ebru;  Chi, Peter;  Christensen, Ulrich;  Clinton, John;  Collins, Gareth S.;  Daubar, Ingrid;  Dehant, Veronique;  Drilleau, Melanie;  Fillingim, Matthew;  Folkner, William;  Garcia, Raphael F.;  Garvin, Jim;  Grant, John;  Grott, Matthias;  Grygorczuk, Jerzy;  Hudson, Troy;  Irving, Jessica C. E.;  Kargl, Guenter;  Kawamura, Taichi;  Kedar, Sharon;  King, Scott;  Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte;  Knapmeyer, Martin;  Lemmon, Mark;  Lorenz, Ralph;  Maki, Justin N.;  Margerin, Ludovic;  McLennan, Scott M.;  Michaut, Chloe;  Mimoun, David;  Mittelholz, Anna;  Mocquet, Antoine;  Morgan, Paul;  Mueller, Nils T.;  Murdoch, Naomi;  Nagihara, Seiichi;  Newman, Claire;  Nimmo, Francis;  Panning, Mark;  Pike, W. Thomas;  Plesa, Ana-Catalina;  Rodriguez, Sebastien;  Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose Antonio;  Russell, Christopher T.;  Schmerr, Nicholas;  Siegler, Matt;  Stanley, Sabine;  Stutzmann, Eleanore;  Teanby, Nicholas;  Tromp, Jeroen;  Van Driel, Martin;  Warner, Nicholas;  Weber, Renee;  Wieczorek, Mark
收藏  |  浏览/下载:25/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
Alternatives to genetic affinity as a context for within-species response to climate 期刊论文
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, 2019, 9 (10) : 787-+
作者:  Smith, Adam B.;  Beever, Erik A.;  Kessler, Aimee E.;  Johnston, Aaron N.;  Ray, Chris;  Epps, Clinton W.;  Lanier, Hayley C.;  Klinger, Rob C.;  Rodhouse, Thomas J.;  Varner, Johanna;  Perrine, John D.;  Seglund, Amy;  Hall, L. Embere;  Galbreath, Kurt;  MacGlover, Chris;  Billman, Peter;  Blatz, Gretchen;  Brewer, Jason;  Vardaro, Jessica Castillo;  Chalfoun, Anna D.;  Collins, Gail;  Craighead, April;  Curlis, Chris;  Daly, Christopher;  Doak, Daniel F.;  East, Mitch;  Edwards, Mark;  Erb, Liesl;  Ernest, Kristina A.;  Fauver, Brian;  Foresman, Kerry R.;  Goehring, Ken;  Hagar, Joan;  Hayes, Charles L.;  Henry, Philippe;  Hersey, Kimberly;  Hilty, Shannon L.;  Jacobson, Jim;  Jeffress, Mackenzie R.;  Manning, Tom;  Masching, Amy;  Maxell, Bryce;  McCollough, Rayo;  McFarland, Corrie;  Miskow, Eric;  Morelli, Toni Lyn;  Moyer-Horner, Lucas;  Mueller, Megan;  Nugent, Martin;  Pratt, Beth;  Rasmussen-Flores, Mary;  Rickman, Tom H.;  Robison, Hillary;  Rodriguez, Arthur;  Rowe, Karen;  Rowe, Kevin;  Russello, Michael A.;  Saab, Vicki;  Schmidt, Angie;  Stewart, Joseph A. E.;  Stuart, James N.;  Svancara, Leona K.;  Thompson, Will;  Timmins, Julie;  Treinish, Gregg;  Waterhouse, Matthew D.;  Westover, Marie L.;  Wilkening, Jennifer;  Yandow, Leah
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Laboratory mice born to wild mice have natural microbiota and model human immune responses 期刊论文
SCIENCE, 2019, 365 (6452) : 461-+
作者:  Rosshart, Stephan P.;  Herz, Jasmin;  Vassallo, Brian G.;  Hunter, Ashli;  Wall, Morgan K.;  Badger, Jonathan H.;  McCulloch, John A.;  Anastasakis, Dimitrios G.;  Sarshad, Aishe A.;  Leonardi, Irina;  Collins, Nicholas;  Blatter, Joshua A.;  Han, Seong-Ji;  Tamoutounour, Samira;  Potapova, Svetlana;  St Claire, Mark B. Foster;  Yuan, Wuxing;  Sen, Shurjo K.;  Dreier, Matthew S.;  Hild, Benedikt;  Hafner, Markus;  Wang, David;  Iliev, Iliyan D.;  Belkaid, Yasmine;  Trinchieri, Giorgio;  Rehermann, Barbara
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Is fire "for the birds"? How two rare species influence fire management across the US 期刊论文
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, 2019, 17 (7) : 391-399
作者:  Stephens, Scott L.;  Kobziar, Leda N.;  Collins, Brandon M.;  Davis, Raymond;  Fule, Peter Z.;  Gaines, William;  Ganef, Joseph;  Guldin, James M.;  Hessburg, Paul F.;  Hiers, Kevin;  Hoagland, Serra;  Keane, John J.;  Masters, Ronald E.;  McKellar, Ann E.;  Montague, Warren;  North, Malcolm;  Spies, Thomas A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Company matters: The presence of other genotypes alters traits and intraspecific selection in an Arctic diatom under climate change 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019, 25 (9) : 2869-2884
作者:  Wolf, Klara K. E.;  Romanelli, Elisa;  Rost, Bjoern;  John, Uwe;  Collins, Sinead;  Weigand, Hannah;  Hoppe, Clara J. M.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
allele-specific qPCR  artificial population  genotypic interactions  intraspecific diversity  multiple stressors  ocean acidification  phenotypic plasticity  selection dynamics  strain sorting  warming  
Strategically placed landscape fuel treatments decrease fire severity and promote recovery in the northern Sierra Nevada 期刊论文
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2019, 436: 45-55
作者:  Tubbesing, Carmen L.;  Fry, Danny L.;  Roller, Gary B.;  Collins, Brandon M.;  Fedorova, Varvara A.;  Stephens, Scott L.;  Battles, John J.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Forest resilience  Frequent-fire forests  Regeneration  Mixed-conifer forest  Restoration  Sierra Nevada  Landscape treatments  
Arctic marine secondary organic aerosol contributes significantly to summertime particle size distributions in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2019, 19 (5) : 2787-2812
作者:  Croft, Betty;  Martin, Randall, V;  Leaitch, W. Richard;  Burkart, Julia;  Chang, Rachel Y-W;  Collins, Douglas B.;  Hayes, Patrick L.;  Hodshire, Anna L.;  Huang, Lin;  Kodros, John K.;  Moravek, Alexander;  Mungall, Emma L.;  Murphy, Jennifer G.;  Sharma, Sangeeta;  Tremblay, Samantha;  Wentworth, Gregory R.;  Willis, Megan D.;  Abbate, Jonathan P. D.;  Pierce, Jeffrey R.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09