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The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 79-+
作者:  Zhang, Liangsheng;  Chen, Fei;  Zhang, Xingtan;  Li, Zhen;  Zhao, Yiyong;  Lohaus, Rolf;  Chang, Xiaojun;  Dong, Wei;  Ho, Simon Y. W.;  Liu, Xing;  Song, Aixia;  Chen, Junhao;  Guo, Wenlei;  Wang, Zhengjia;  Zhuang, Yingyu;  Wang, Haifeng;  Chen, Xuequn;  Hu, Juan;  Liu, Yanhui;  Qin, Yuan;  Wang, Kai;  Dong, Shanshan;  Liu, Yang;  Zhang, Shouzhou;  Yu, Xianxian;  Wu, Qian;  Wang, Liangsheng;  Yan, Xueqing;  Jiao, Yuannian;  Kong, Hongzhi;  Zhou, Xiaofan;  Yu, Cuiwei;  Chen, Yuchu;  Li, Fan;  Wang, Jihua;  Chen, Wei;  Chen, Xinlu;  Jia, Qidong;  Zhang, Chi;  Jiang, Yifan;  Zhang, Wanbo;  Liu, Guanhua;  Fu, Jianyu;  Chen, Feng;  Ma, Hong;  Van de Peer, Yves;  Tang, Haibao
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Water lilies belong to the angiosperm order Nymphaeales. Amborellales, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales together form the so-called ANA-grade of angiosperms, which are extant representatives of lineages that diverged the earliest from the lineage leading to the extant mesangiosperms(1-3). Here we report the 409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata). Our phylogenomic analyses support Amborellales and Nymphaeales as successive sister lineages to all other extant angiosperms. The N. colorata genome and 19 other water lily transcriptomes reveal a Nymphaealean whole-genome duplication event, which is shared by Nymphaeaceae and possibly Cabombaceae. Among the genes retained from this whole-genome duplication are homologues of genes that regulate flowering transition and flower development. The broad expression of homologues of floral ABCE genes in N. colorata might support a similarly broadly active ancestral ABCE model of floral organ determination in early angiosperms. Water lilies have evolved attractive floral scents and colours, which are features shared with mesangiosperms, and we identified their putative biosynthetic genes in N. colorata. The chemical compounds and biosynthetic genes behind floral scents suggest that they have evolved in parallel to those in mesangiosperms. Because of its unique phylogenetic position, the N. colorata genome sheds light on the early evolution of angiosperms.


  
Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7815) : 282-+
作者:  Li, Jia;  Yang, Xiangdong;  Liu, Yang;  Huang, Bolong;  Wu, Ruixia;  Zhang, Zhengwei;  Zhao, Bei;  Ma, Huifang;  Dang, Weiqi;  Wei, Zheng;  Wang, Kai;  Lin, Zhaoyang;  Yan, Xingxu;  Sun, Mingzi;  Li, Bo;  Pan, Xiaoqing;  Luo, Jun;  Zhang, Guangyu;  Liu, Yuan;  Huang, Yu;  Duan, Xidong;  Duan, Xiangfeng
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

The ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia in China and across the world is associated with a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2(1). This outbreak has been tentatively associated with a seafood market in Wuhan, China, where the sale of wild animals may be the source of zoonotic infection(2).Although bats are probable reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV-2, the identity of any intermediate host that may have facilitated transfer to humans is unknown. Here we report the identification of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins (Manisjavanica) seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China. Metagenomic sequencing identified pangolin-associated coronaviruses that belong to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity in the receptor-binding domain to SARS-CoV-2. The discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin coronavirus and their similarity to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that pangolins should be considered as possible hosts in the emergence of new coronaviruses and should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission.


  
Universal quantum logic in hot silicon qubits 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7803) : 355-+
作者:  Li, Jia;  Yang, Xiangdong;  Liu, Yang;  Huang, Bolong;  Wu, Ruixia;  Zhang, Zhengwei;  Zhao, Bei;  Ma, Huifang;  Dang, Weiqi;  Wei, Zheng;  Wang, Kai;  Lin, Zhaoyang;  Yan, Xingxu;  Sun, Mingzi;  Li, Bo;  Pan, Xiaoqing;  Luo, Jun;  Zhang, Guangyu;  Liu, Yuan;  Huang, Yu;  Duan, Xidong;  Duan, Xiangfeng
收藏  |  浏览/下载:40/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Quantum computation requires many qubits that can be coherently controlled and coupled to each other(1). Qubits that are defined using lithographic techniques have been suggested to enable the development of scalable quantum systems because they can be implemented using semiconductor fabrication technology(2-5). However, leading solid-state approaches function only at temperatures below 100 millikelvin, where cooling power is extremely limited, and this severely affects the prospects of practical quantum computation. Recent studies of electron spins in silicon have made progress towards a platform that can be operated at higher temperatures by demonstrating long spin lifetimes(6), gate-based spin readout(7) and coherent single-spin control(8). However, a high-temperature two-qubit logic gate has not yet been demonstrated. Here we show that silicon quantum dots can have sufficient thermal robustness to enable the execution of a universal gate set at temperatures greater than one kelvin. We obtain single-qubit control via electron spin resonance and readout using Pauli spin blockade. In addition, we show individual coherent control of two qubits and measure single-qubit fidelities of up to 99.3 per cent. We demonstrate the tunability of the exchange interaction between the two spins from 0.5 to 18 megahertz and use it to execute coherent two-qubit controlled rotations. The demonstration of '  hot'  and universal quantum logic in a semiconductor platform paves the way for quantum integrated circuits that host both the quantum hardware and its control circuitry on the same chip, providing a scalable approach towards practical quantum information processing.


  
Recurrent interactions in local cortical circuits 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7798) : 256-+
作者:  Liu, Yang;  Nguyen, Phong T.;  Wang, Xun;  Zhao, Yuting;  Meacham, Corbin E.;  Zou, Zhongju;  Bordieanu, Bogdan;  Johanns, Manuel;  Vertommen, Didier;  Wijshake, Tobias;  May, Herman;  Xiao, Guanghua;  Shoji-Kawata, Sanae;  Rider, Mark H.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:8/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Most cortical synapses are local and excitatory. Local recurrent circuits could implement amplification, allowing pattern completion and other computations(1-4). Cortical circuits contain subnetworks that consist of neurons with similar receptive fields and increased connectivity relative to the network average(5,6). Cortical neurons that encode different types of information are spatially intermingled and distributed over large brain volumes(5-7), and this complexity has hindered attempts to probe the function of these subnetworks by perturbing them individually(8). Here we use computational modelling, optical recordings and manipulations to probe the function of recurrent coupling in layer 2/3 of the mouse vibrissal somatosensory cortex during active tactile discrimination. A neural circuit model of layer 2/3 revealed that recurrent excitation enhances sensory signals by amplification, but only for subnetworks with increased connectivity. Model networks with high amplification were sensitive to damage: loss of a few members of the subnetwork degraded stimulus encoding. We tested this prediction by mapping neuronal selectivity(7) and photoablating(9,10) neurons with specific selectivity. Ablation of a small proportion of layer 2/3 neurons (10-20, less than 5% of the total) representing touch markedly reduced responses in the spared touch representation, but not in other representations. Ablations most strongly affected neurons with stimulus responses that were similar to those of the ablated population, which is also consistent with network models. Recurrence among cortical neurons with similar selectivity therefore drives input-specific amplification during behaviour.


Computational modelling, imaging and single-cell ablation in layer 2/3 of the mouse vibrissal somatosensory cortex reveals that recurrent activity in cortical neurons can drive input-specific amplification during behaviour.


  
B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7791) : 549-+
作者:  Zhang, Liangsheng;  Chen, Fei;  Zhang, Xingtan;  Li, Zhen;  Zhao, Yiyong;  Lohaus, Rolf;  Chang, Xiaojun;  Dong, Wei;  Ho, Simon Y. W.;  Liu, Xing;  Song, Aixia;  Chen, Junhao;  Guo, Wenlei;  Wang, Zhengjia;  Zhuang, Yingyu;  Wang, Haifeng;  Chen, Xuequn;  Hu, Juan;  Liu, Yanhui;  Qin, Yuan;  Wang, Kai;  Dong, Shanshan;  Liu, Yang;  Zhang, Shouzhou;  Yu, Xianxian;  Wu, Qian;  Wang, Liangsheng;  Yan, Xueqing;  Jiao, Yuannian;  Kong, Hongzhi;  Zhou, Xiaofan;  Yu, Cuiwei;  Chen, Yuchu;  Li, Fan;  Wang, Jihua;  Chen, Wei;  Chen, Xinlu;  Jia, Qidong;  Zhang, Chi;  Jiang, Yifan;  Zhang, Wanbo;  Liu, Guanhua;  Fu, Jianyu;  Chen, Feng;  Ma, Hong;  Van de Peer, Yves;  Tang, Haibao
收藏  |  浏览/下载:41/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Multiomic profiling of several cohorts of patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade highlights the presence and potential role of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in promoting therapy response.


Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer therapy. Until now, predictive biomarkers(1-10) and strategies to augment clinical response have largely focused on the T cell compartment. However, other immune subsets may also contribute to anti-tumour immunity(11-15), although these have been less well-studied in ICB treatment(16). A previously conducted neoadjuvant ICB trial in patients with melanoma showed via targeted expression profiling(17) that B cell signatures were enriched in the tumours of patients who respond to treatment versus non-responding patients. To build on this, here we performed bulk RNA sequencing and found that B cell markers were the most differentially expressed genes in the tumours of responders versus non-responders. Our findings were corroborated using a computational method (MCP-counter(18)) to estimate the immune and stromal composition in this and two other ICB-treated cohorts (patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma). Histological evaluation highlighted the localization of B cells within tertiary lymphoid structures. We assessed the potential functional contributions of B cells via bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, which demonstrate clonal expansion and unique functional states of B cells in responders. Mass cytometry showed that switched memory B cells were enriched in the tumours of responders. Together, these data provide insights into the potential role of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in the response to ICB treatment, with implications for the development of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.


  
Emissions and health impacts from global shipping embodied in US-China bilateral trade 期刊论文
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY, 2019, 2 (11) : 1027-1033
作者:  Liu, Huan;  Meng, Zhi-Hang;  Lv, Zhao-Feng;  Wang, Xiao-Tong;  Deng, Fan-Yuan;  Liu, Yang;  Zhang, Yan-Ni;  Shi, Meng-Shuang;  Zhang, Qiang;  He, Ke-Bin
收藏  |  浏览/下载:16/0  |  提交时间:2020/02/16
Using soil aggregate stability and erodibility to evaluate the sustainability of large-scale afforestation of Robinia pseudoacacia and Caragana korshinskii in the Loess Plateau 期刊论文
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2019, 450
作者:  Wang, Baorong;  Zhao, Xiaodan;  Liu, Yang;  Fang, Ying;  Ma, Rentian;  Yu, Qiang;  An, Shaoshan
收藏  |  浏览/下载:8/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Soil aggregate stability  Soil erodibility  Plantation  Revegetation  Soil structure  Mean weighted diameter  
Device-independent quantum random-number generation 期刊论文
NATURE, 2018, 562 (7728) : 548-+
作者:  Liu, Yang;  Zhao, Qi;  Li, Ming-Han;  Guan, Jian-Yu;  Zhang, Yanbao;  Bai, Bing;  Zhang, Weijun;  Liu, Wen-Zhao;  Wu, Cheng;  Yuan, Xiao;  Li, Hao;  Munro, W. J.;  Wang, Zhen;  You, Lixing;  Zhang, Jun;  Ma, Xiongfeng;  Fan, Jingyun;  Zhang, Qiang;  Pan, Jian-Wei
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Role of autumn Arctic Sea ice in the subsequent summer precipitation variability over East Asia 期刊论文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2019
作者:  Liu, Yang;  Zhu, Yali;  Wang, Huijun;  Gao, Yongqi;  Sun, Jianqi;  Wang, Tao;  Ma, Jiehua;  Yurova, Alla;  Li, Fei
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Arctic Sea ice  precipitation over East Asia  seasonal prediction  snow depth  soil moisture  
Changes in the Interannual Summer Drought Variation Along With the Regime Shift Over Northwest China in the Late 1980s 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2019, 124 (6) : 2868-2881
作者:  Zhu, Ya Li;  Liu, Yang;  Wang, Hui Jun;  Sun, Jian Qi
收藏  |  浏览/下载:6/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
Northwest China  drought  interdecadal change  SST  summer rainfall