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联合国呼吁各国加强森林国家自主贡献 快报文章
资源环境快报，2024年第12期
作者:  牛艺博
Microsoft Word(19Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载：6/1  |  提交时间：2024/06/29
Forests  Cut down trees  Nationally determined contribution  
WMO发布《2022年世界温室气体公报》 快报文章
气候变化快报，2022年第22期
作者:  王田宇 刘燕飞
Microsoft Word(13Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载：1486/0  |  提交时间：2022/11/20
WMO  long-lived GHGs  radiative forcing contribution  
联合国开发计划署发布2021年气候雄心状况报告 快报文章
气候变化快报，2022年第17期
作者:  王田宇,刘燕飞
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载：676/0  |  提交时间：2022/09/05
UNDP  climate  Nationally Determined Contribution  Greenhouse gas  
联合国气候变化秘书处发布《国家自主贡献综合报告》 快报文章
气候变化快报，2021年第22期
作者:  董利苹
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载：690/0  |  提交时间：2021/11/20
Message to Parties and Observers  Nationally Determined Contribution Synthesis Report  
Brookings报告讨论美国重建气候领导力的途径 快报文章
气候变化快报，2021年第7期
作者:  刘燕飞
Microsoft Word(18Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载：496/0  |  提交时间：2021/04/05
Climate Leadership  Green Finance  Nationally Determined Contribution  Climate Action  
Ice retreat in Wilkes Basin of East Antarctica during a warm interglacial 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7817) : 554-+
作者:  T. Blackburn;  G. H. Edwards;  S. Tulaczyk;  M. Scudder;  G. Piccione;  B. Hallet;  N. McLean;  J. C. Zachos;  B. Cheney;  J. T. Babbe
收藏  |  浏览/下载：21/0  |  提交时间：2020/08/09

Uranium isotopes in subglacial precipitates from the Wilkes Basin of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet reveal ice retreat during a warm Pleistocene interglacial period about 400,000 years ago.


Efforts to improve sea level forecasting on a warming planet have focused on determining the temperature, sea level and extent of polar ice sheets during Earth'  s past interglacial warm periods(1-3). About 400,000 years ago, during the interglacial period known as Marine Isotopic Stage 11 (MIS11), the global temperature was 1 to 2 degrees Celsius greater(2)and sea level was 6 to 13 metres higher(1,3). Sea level estimates in excess of about 10 metres, however, have been discounted because these require a contribution from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet(3), which has been argued to have remained stable for millions of years before and includes MIS11(4,5). Here we show how the evolution of(234)U enrichment within the subglacial waters of East Antarctica recorded the ice sheet'  s response to MIS11 warming. Within the Wilkes Basin, subglacial chemical precipitates of opal and calcite record accumulation of(234)U (the product of rock-water contact within an isolated subglacial reservoir) up to 20 times higher than that found in marine waters. The timescales of(234)U enrichment place the inception of this reservoir at MIS11. Informed by the(234)U cycling observed in the Laurentide Ice Sheet, where(234)U accumulated during periods of ice stability(6)and was flushed to global oceans in response to deglaciation(7), we interpret our East Antarctic dataset to represent ice loss within the Wilkes Basin at MIS11. The(234)U accumulation within the Wilkes Basin is also observed in the McMurdo Dry Valleys brines(8-10), indicating(11)that the brine originated beneath the adjacent East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The marine origin of brine salts(10)and bacteria(12)implies that MIS11 ice loss was coupled with marine flooding. Collectively, these data indicate that during one of the warmest Pleistocene interglacials, the ice sheet margin at the Wilkes Basin retreated to near the precipitate location, about 700 kilometres inland from the current position of the ice margin, which-assuming current ice volumes-would have contributed about 3 to 4 metres(13)to global sea levels.


  
Quantifying the contribution of tropical cyclones to lightning activity over the Northwest Pacific 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 239
作者:  Zhang, Wenjuan;  Zhang, Yijun;  Zheng, Dong;  Lyu, Weitao
收藏  |  浏览/下载：13/0  |  提交时间：2020/08/18
Lightning  Tropical cyclone  Contribution  Northwest Pacific  
Characteristics and source apportionment of ambient single particles in Tianjin, China: The close association between oxalic acid and biomass burning 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 237
作者:  Xu, Jiao;  Tian, Yingze;  Cheng, Chunlei;  Wang, Chuang;  Lin, Qiuju;  Li, Mei;  Wang, Xiaofei;  Shi, Guoliang
收藏  |  浏览/下载：8/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/02
Single particle  Oxalic acid  Biomass burning  Source contribution  PMF  SPAMS  
Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7790) : 399-+
作者:  Gate, David;  Saligrama, Naresha;  Leventhal, Olivia;  Yang, Andrew C.;  Unger, Michael S.;  Middeldorp, Jinte;  Chen, Kelly;  Lehallier, Benoit;  Channappa, Divya;  De Los Santos, Mark B.;  McBride, Alisha;  Pluvinage, John;  Elahi, Fanny;  Tam, Grace Kyin-Ye;  Kim, Yongha;  Greicius, Michael;  Wagner, Anthony D.;  Aigner, Ludwig;  Galasko, Douglas R.;  Davis, Mark M.;  Wyss-Coray, Tony
收藏  |  浏览/下载：6/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/03

Alzheimer'  s disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which neuroinflammation has a critical function(1). However, little is known about the contribution of the adaptive immune response in Alzheimer'  s disease(2). Here, using integrated analyses of multiple cohorts, we identify peripheral and central adaptive immune changes in Alzheimer'  s disease. First, we performed mass cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and discovered an immune signature of Alzheimer'  s disease that consists of increased numbers of CD8(+) T effector memory CD45RA(+) (T-EMRA) cells. In a second cohort, we found that CD8(+) T-EMRA cells were negatively associated with cognition. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that T cell receptor (TCR) signalling was enhanced in these cells. Notably, by using several strategies of single-cell TCR sequencing in a third cohort, we discovered clonally expanded CD8(+) T-EMRA cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer'  s disease. Finally, we used machine learning, cloning and peptide screens to demonstrate the specificity of clonally expanded TCRs in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer'  s disease to two separate Epstein-Barr virus antigens. These results reveal an adaptive immune response in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer'  s disease and provide evidence of clonal, antigen-experienced T cells patrolling the intrathecal space of brains affected by age-related neurodegeneration.


  
Cortical pattern generation during dexterous movement is input-driven 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7790) : 386-+
作者:  Cyranoski, David
收藏  |  浏览/下载：9/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/03

The motor cortex controls skilled arm movement by sending temporal patterns of activity to lower motor centres(1). Local cortical dynamics are thought to shape these patterns throughout movement execution(2-4). External inputs have been implicated in setting the initial state of the motor cortex(5,6), but they may also have a pattern-generating role. Here we dissect the contribution of local dynamics and inputs to cortical pattern generation during a prehension task in mice. Perturbing cortex to an aberrant state prevented movement initiation, but after the perturbation was released, cortex either bypassed the normal initial state and immediately generated the pattern that controls reaching or failed to generate this pattern. The difference in these two outcomes was probably a result of external inputs. We directly investigated the role of inputs by inactivating the thalamus  this perturbed cortical activity and disrupted limb kinematics at any stage of the movement. Activation of thalamocortical axon terminals at different frequencies disrupted cortical activity and arm movement in a graded manner. Simultaneous recordings revealed that both thalamic activity and the current state of cortex predicted changes in cortical activity. Thus, the pattern generator for dexterous arm movement is distributed across multiple, strongly interacting brain regions.