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A remnant planetary core in the hot-Neptune desert 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7814) : 39-+
作者:  David J. Armstrong;  Thé;  o A. Lopez;  Vardan Adibekyan;  Richard A. Booth;  Edward M. Bryant;  Karen A. Collins;  Magali Deleuil;  Alexandre Emsenhuber;  Chelsea X. Huang;  George W. King;  Jorge Lillo-Box;  Jack J. Lissauer;  Elisabeth Matthews;  Olivier Mousis;  Louise D. Nielsen;  Hugh Osborn;  Jon Otegi;  Nuno C. Santos;  ;  rgio G. Sousa;  Keivan G. Stassun;  Dimitri Veras;  Carl Ziegler;  Jack S. Acton;  Jose M. Almenara;  David R. Anderson;  David Barrado;  Susana C. C. Barros;  Daniel Bayliss;  Claudia Belardi;  Francois Bouchy;  ;  sar Briceñ;  o;  Matteo Brogi;  David J. A. Brown;  Matthew R. Burleigh;  Sarah L. Casewell;  Alexander Chaushev;  David R. Ciardi;  Kevin I. Collins;  Knicole D. Coló;  n;  Benjamin F. Cooke;  Ian J. M. Crossfield;  Rodrigo F. Dí;  az;  Elisa Delgado Mena;  Olivier D. S. Demangeon;  Caroline Dorn;  Xavier Dumusque;  Philipp Eigmü;  ller;  Michael Fausnaugh;  Pedro Figueira;  Tianjun Gan;  Siddharth Gandhi;  Samuel Gill;  Erica J. Gonzales;  Michael R. Goad;  Maximilian N. Gü;  nther;  Ravit Helled;  Saeed Hojjatpanah;  Steve B. Howell;  James Jackman;  James S. Jenkins;  Jon M. Jenkins;  Eric L. N. Jensen;  Grant M. Kennedy;  David W. Latham;  Nicholas Law;  Monika Lendl;  Michael Lozovsky;  Andrew W. Mann;  Maximiliano Moyano;  James McCormac;  Farzana Meru;  Christoph Mordasini;  Ares Osborn;  Don Pollacco;  Didier Queloz;  Liam Raynard;  George R. Ricker;  Pamela Rowden;  Alexandre Santerne;  Joshua E. Schlieder;  Sara Seager;  Lizhou Sha;  Thiam-Guan Tan;  Rosanna H. Tilbrook;  Eric Ting;  Sté;  phane Udry;  Roland Vanderspek;  Christopher A. Watson;  Richard G. West;  Paul A. Wilson;  Joshua N. Winn;  Peter Wheatley;  Jesus Noel Villasenor;  Jose I. Vines;  Zhuchang Zhan
收藏  |  浏览/下载:17/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/06

The interiors of giant planets remain poorly understood. Even for the planets in the Solar System, difficulties in observation lead to large uncertainties in the properties of planetary cores. Exoplanets that have undergone rare evolutionary processes provide a route to understanding planetary interiors. Planets found in and near the typically barren hot-Neptune '  desert'  (1,2)(a region in mass-radius space that contains few planets) have proved to be particularly valuable in this regard. These planets include HD149026b(3), which is thought to have an unusually massive core, and recent discoveries such as LTT9779b(4)and NGTS-4b(5), on which photoevaporation has removed a substantial part of their outer atmospheres. Here we report observations of the planet TOI-849b, which has a radius smaller than Neptune'  s but an anomalously large mass of39.1-2.6+2.7Earth masses and a density of5.2-0.8+0.7grams per cubic centimetre, similar to Earth'  s. Interior-structure models suggest that any gaseous envelope of pure hydrogen and helium consists of no more than3.9-0.9+0.8 per cent of the total planetary mass. The planet could have been a gas giant before undergoing extreme mass loss via thermal self-disruption or giant planet collisions, or it could have avoided substantial gas accretion, perhaps through gap opening or late formation(6). Although photoevaporation rates cannot account for the mass loss required to reduce a Jupiter-like gas giant, they can remove a small (a few Earth masses) hydrogen and helium envelope on timescales of several billion years, implying that any remaining atmosphere on TOI-849b is likely to be enriched by water or other volatiles from the planetary interior. We conclude that TOI-849b is the remnant core of a giant planet.


Observations of TOI-849b reveal a radius smaller than Neptune'  s but a large mass of about 40 Earth masses, indicating that the planet is the remnant core of a gas giant.


  
Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7797) : 80-+
作者:  Wannes Hubau;  Simon L. Lewis;  Oliver L. Phillips;  Kofi Affum-Baffoe;  Hans Beeckman;  Aida Cuní;  -Sanchez;  Armandu K. Daniels;  Corneille E. N. Ewango;  Sophie Fauset;  Jacques M. Mukinzi;  Douglas Sheil;  Bonaventure Sonké;  Martin J. P. Sullivan;  Terry C. H. Sunderland;  Hermann Taedoumg;  Sean C. Thomas;  Lee J. T. White;  Katharine A. Abernethy;  Stephen Adu-Bredu;  Christian A. Amani;  Timothy R. Baker;  Lindsay F. Banin;  Fidè;  le Baya;  Serge K. Begne;  Amy C. Bennett;  Fabrice Benedet;  Robert Bitariho;  Yannick E. Bocko;  Pascal Boeckx;  Patrick Boundja;  Roel J. W. Brienen;  Terry Brncic;  Eric Chezeaux;  George B. Chuyong;  Connie J. Clark;  Murray Collins;  James A. Comiskey;  David A. Coomes;  Greta C. Dargie;  Thales de Haulleville;  Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem;  Jean-Louis Doucet;  Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert;  Ted R. Feldpausch;  Alusine Fofanah;  Ernest G. Foli;  Martin Gilpin;  Emanuel Gloor;  Christelle Gonmadje;  Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury;  Jefferson S. Hall;  Alan C. Hamilton;  David J. Harris;  Terese B. Hart;  Mireille B. N. Hockemba;  Annette Hladik;  Suspense A. Ifo;  Kathryn J. Jeffery;  Tommaso Jucker;  Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu;  Elizabeth Kearsley;  David Kenfack;  Alexander Koch;  Miguel E. Leal;  Aurora Levesley;  Jeremy A. Lindsell;  Janvier Lisingo;  Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez;  Jon C. Lovett;  Jean-Remy Makana;  Yadvinder Malhi;  Andrew R. Marshall;  Jim Martin;  Emanuel H. Martin;  Faustin M. Mbayu;  Vincent P. Medjibe;  Vianet Mihindou;  Edward T. A. Mitchard;  Sam Moore;  Pantaleo K. T. Munishi;  Natacha Nssi Bengone;  Lucas Ojo;  Fidè;  le Evouna Ondo;  Kelvin S.-H. Peh;  Georgia C. Pickavance;  Axel Dalberg Poulsen;  John R. Poulsen;  Lan Qie;  Jan Reitsma;  Francesco Rovero;  Michael D. Swaine;  Joey Talbot;  James Taplin;  David M. Taylor;  Duncan W. Thomas;  Benjamin Toirambe;  John Tshibamba Mukendi;  Darlington Tuagben;  Peter M. Umunay;  Geertje M. F. van der Heijden;  Hans Verbeeck;  Jason Vleminckx;  Simon Willcock;  Hannsjö;  rg Wö;  ll;  John T. Woods;  Lise Zemagho
收藏  |  浏览/下载:23/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions(1-3). Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest '  carbon sink'  will continue for decades(4,5). Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53-0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests(6). Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth'  s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature(7-9). Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth'  s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass(10) reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth'  s climate.


  
Alternatives to genetic affinity as a context for within-species response to climate 期刊论文
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, 2019, 9 (10) : 787-+
作者:  Smith, Adam B.;  Beever, Erik A.;  Kessler, Aimee E.;  Johnston, Aaron N.;  Ray, Chris;  Epps, Clinton W.;  Lanier, Hayley C.;  Klinger, Rob C.;  Rodhouse, Thomas J.;  Varner, Johanna;  Perrine, John D.;  Seglund, Amy;  Hall, L. Embere;  Galbreath, Kurt;  MacGlover, Chris;  Billman, Peter;  Blatz, Gretchen;  Brewer, Jason;  Vardaro, Jessica Castillo;  Chalfoun, Anna D.;  Collins, Gail;  Craighead, April;  Curlis, Chris;  Daly, Christopher;  Doak, Daniel F.;  East, Mitch;  Edwards, Mark;  Erb, Liesl;  Ernest, Kristina A.;  Fauver, Brian;  Foresman, Kerry R.;  Goehring, Ken;  Hagar, Joan;  Hayes, Charles L.;  Henry, Philippe;  Hersey, Kimberly;  Hilty, Shannon L.;  Jacobson, Jim;  Jeffress, Mackenzie R.;  Manning, Tom;  Masching, Amy;  Maxell, Bryce;  McCollough, Rayo;  McFarland, Corrie;  Miskow, Eric;  Morelli, Toni Lyn;  Moyer-Horner, Lucas;  Mueller, Megan;  Nugent, Martin;  Pratt, Beth;  Rasmussen-Flores, Mary;  Rickman, Tom H.;  Robison, Hillary;  Rodriguez, Arthur;  Rowe, Karen;  Rowe, Kevin;  Russello, Michael A.;  Saab, Vicki;  Schmidt, Angie;  Stewart, Joseph A. E.;  Stuart, James N.;  Svancara, Leona K.;  Thompson, Will;  Timmins, Julie;  Treinish, Gregg;  Waterhouse, Matthew D.;  Westover, Marie L.;  Wilkening, Jennifer;  Yandow, Leah
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
VACCINOLOGY Structural topology defines protective CD8(+) T cell epitopes in the HIV proteome 期刊论文
SCIENCE, 2019, 364 (6439) : 480-+
作者:  Gaiha, Gaurav D.;  Rossin, Elizabeth J.;  Urbach, Jonathan;  Landeros, Christian;  Collins, David R.;  Nwonu, Chioma;  Muzhingi, Itai;  Anahtar, Melis N.;  Waring, Olivia M.;  Piechocka-Trocha, Alicja;  Waring, Michael;  Worrall, Daniel P.;  Ghebremichael, Musie S.;  Newman, Ruchi M.;  Power, Karen A.;  Allen, Todd M.;  Chodosh, James;  Walker, Bruce D.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Racial profiling harms science Response 期刊论文
SCIENCE, 2019, 363 (6433) : 1291-1294
作者:  Collins, Francis S.;  Tabak, Lawrence A.;  Wolinetz, Carrie D.;  Lauer, Michael S.;  Gottesman, Michael M.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Scalable and safe synthetic organic electroreduction inspired by Li-ion battery chemistry 期刊论文
SCIENCE, 2019, 363 (6429) : 838-+
作者:  Peters, Byron K.;  Rodriguez, Kevin X.;  Reisberg, Solomon H.;  Beil, Sebastian B.;  Hickey, David P.;  Kawamata, Yu;  Collins, Michael;  Starr, Jeremy;  Chen, Longrui;  Udyavara, Sagar;  Klunder, Kevin;  Gorey, Timothy J.;  Anderson, Scott L.;  Neurock, Matthew;  Minteer, Shelley D.;  Baran, Phil S.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Genome-wide de novo risk score implicates promoter variation in autism spectrum disorder 期刊论文
SCIENCE, 2018, 362 (6420) : 1270-+
作者:  An, Joon-Yong;  Lin, Kevin;  Zhu, Lingxue;  Werling, Donna M.;  Dong, Shan;  Brand, Harrison;  Wang, Harold Z.;  Zhao, Xuefang;  Schwartz, Grace B.;  Collins, Ryan L.;  Currall, Benjamin B.;  Dastmalchi, Claudia;  Dea, Jeanselle;  Duhn, Clif;  Gilson, Michael C.;  Klei, Lambertus;  Liang, Lindsay;  Markenscoff-Papadimitriou, Eirene;  Pochareddy, Sirisha;  Ahituv, Nadav;  Buxbaum, Joseph D.;  Coon, Hilary;  Daly, Mark J.;  Kim, Young Shin;  Marth, Gabor T.;  Neale, Benjamin M.;  Quinlan, Aaron R.;  Rubenstein, John L.;  Sestan, Nenad;  State, Matthew W.;  Willsey, A. Jeremy;  Talkowski, Michael E.;  Devlin, Bernie;  Roeder, Kathryn;  Sanders, Stephan J.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Editing nature: Local roots of global governance Environmental gene editing demands collective oversight 期刊论文
SCIENCE, 2018, 362 (6414) : 527-+
作者:  Kofler, Natalie;  Collins, James P.;  Kuzma, Jennifer;  Marris, Emma;  Esvelt, Kevin;  Nelson, Michael Paul;  Newhouse, Andrew;  Rothschild, Lynn J.;  Vigliotti, Vivian S.;  Semenov, Misha;  Jacobsen, Rowan;  Dahlman, James E.;  Prince, Shannon;  Caccone, Adalgisa;  Brown, Timothy;  Schmitz, Oswald J.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) measurements at northern midlatitude mountain sites in April: a constraint on continental source-receptor relationships 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2018, 18 (20) : 15345-15361
作者:  Fiore, Arlene M.;  Fischer, Emily, V;  Milly, George P.;  Deolal, Shubha Pandey;  Wild, Oliver;  Jaffe, Daniel A.;  Staehelin, Johannes;  Clifton, Olivia E.;  Bergmann, Dan;  Collins, William;  Dentener, Frank;  Doherty, Ruth M.;  Duncan, Bryan N.;  Fischer, Bernd;  Gilge, Stefan;  Hess, Peter G.;  Horowitz, Larry W.;  Lupu, Alexandru;  MacKenzie, Ian A.;  Park, Rokjin;  Ries, Ludwig;  Sanderson, Michael G.;  Schultz, Martin G.;  Shindell, Drew T.;  Steinbacher, Martin;  Stevenson, David S.;  Szopa, Sophie;  Zellweger, Christoph;  Zeng, Guang
收藏  |  浏览/下载:13/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Modular radical cross-coupling with sulfones enables access to sp(3)-rich (fluoro)alkylated scaffolds 期刊论文
SCIENCE, 2018, 360 (6384) : 75-80
作者:  Merchant, Rohan R.;  Edwards, Jacob T.;  Qin, Tian;  Kruszyk, Monika M.;  Bi, Cheng;  Che, Guanda;  Bao, Deng-Hui;  Qiao, Wenhua;  Sun, Lijie;  Collins, Michael R.;  Fadeyi, Olugbeminiyi O.;  Gallego, Gary M.;  Mousseau, James J.;  Nuhant, Philippe;  Baran, Phil S.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:5/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27