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DNA-repair enzyme turns to translation 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7798) : 198-199
作者:  Bian, Zhilei;  Gong, Yandong;  Huang, Tao;  Lee, Christopher Z. W.;  Bian, Lihong;  Bai, Zhijie;  Shi, Hui;  Zeng, Yang;  Liu, Chen;  He, Jian;  Zhou, Jie;  Li, Xianlong;  Li, Zongcheng;  Ni, Yanli;  Ma, Chunyu;  Cui, Lei;  Zhang, Rui;  Chan, Jerry K. Y.;  Ng, Lai Guan;  Lan, Yu;  Ginhoux, Florent;  Liu, Bing
收藏  |  浏览/下载:13/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

A key DNA-repair enzyme has a surprising role during the early steps in the assembly of ribosomes - the molecular machines that translate the genetic code into protein.


  
The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 79-+
作者:  Zhang, Liangsheng;  Chen, Fei;  Zhang, Xingtan;  Li, Zhen;  Zhao, Yiyong;  Lohaus, Rolf;  Chang, Xiaojun;  Dong, Wei;  Ho, Simon Y. W.;  Liu, Xing;  Song, Aixia;  Chen, Junhao;  Guo, Wenlei;  Wang, Zhengjia;  Zhuang, Yingyu;  Wang, Haifeng;  Chen, Xuequn;  Hu, Juan;  Liu, Yanhui;  Qin, Yuan;  Wang, Kai;  Dong, Shanshan;  Liu, Yang;  Zhang, Shouzhou;  Yu, Xianxian;  Wu, Qian;  Wang, Liangsheng;  Yan, Xueqing;  Jiao, Yuannian;  Kong, Hongzhi;  Zhou, Xiaofan;  Yu, Cuiwei;  Chen, Yuchu;  Li, Fan;  Wang, Jihua;  Chen, Wei;  Chen, Xinlu;  Jia, Qidong;  Zhang, Chi;  Jiang, Yifan;  Zhang, Wanbo;  Liu, Guanhua;  Fu, Jianyu;  Chen, Feng;  Ma, Hong;  Van de Peer, Yves;  Tang, Haibao
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Water lilies belong to the angiosperm order Nymphaeales. Amborellales, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales together form the so-called ANA-grade of angiosperms, which are extant representatives of lineages that diverged the earliest from the lineage leading to the extant mesangiosperms(1-3). Here we report the 409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata). Our phylogenomic analyses support Amborellales and Nymphaeales as successive sister lineages to all other extant angiosperms. The N. colorata genome and 19 other water lily transcriptomes reveal a Nymphaealean whole-genome duplication event, which is shared by Nymphaeaceae and possibly Cabombaceae. Among the genes retained from this whole-genome duplication are homologues of genes that regulate flowering transition and flower development. The broad expression of homologues of floral ABCE genes in N. colorata might support a similarly broadly active ancestral ABCE model of floral organ determination in early angiosperms. Water lilies have evolved attractive floral scents and colours, which are features shared with mesangiosperms, and we identified their putative biosynthetic genes in N. colorata. The chemical compounds and biosynthetic genes behind floral scents suggest that they have evolved in parallel to those in mesangiosperms. Because of its unique phylogenetic position, the N. colorata genome sheds light on the early evolution of angiosperms.


  
Notch signalling drives synovial fibroblast identity and arthritis pathology 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 582 (7811) : 259-+
作者:  Han, Xiaoping;  Zhou, Ziming;  Fei, Lijiang;  Sun, Huiyu;  Wang, Renying;  Chen, Yao;  Chen, Haide;  Wang, Jingjing;  Tang, Huanna;  Ge, Wenhao;  Zhou, Yincong;  Ye, Fang;  Jiang, Mengmeng;  Wu, Junqing;  Xiao, Yanyu;  Jia, Xiaoning;  Zhang, Tingyue;  Ma, Xiaojie;  Zhang, Qi;  Bai, Xueli;  Lai, Shujing;  Yu, Chengxuan;  Zhu, Lijun;  Lin, Rui;  Gao, Yuchi;  Wang, Min;  Wu, Yiqing;  Zhang, Jianming;  Zhan, Renya;  Zhu, Saiyong;  Hu, Hailan;  Wang, Changchun;  Chen, Ming;  Huang, He;  Liang, Tingbo;  Chen, Jianghua;  Wang, Weilin;  Zhang, Dan;  Guo, Guoji
收藏  |  浏览/下载:43/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

NOTCH3 signalling is shown to be the underlying driver of the differentiation and expansion of a subset of synovial fibroblasts implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.


The synovium is a mesenchymal tissue composed mainly of fibroblasts, with a lining and sublining that surround the joints. In rheumatoid arthritis the synovial tissue undergoes marked hyperplasia, becomes inflamed and invasive, and destroys the joint(1,2). It has recently been shown that a subset of fibroblasts in the sublining undergoes a major expansion in rheumatoid arthritis that is linked to disease activity(3-5)  however, the molecular mechanism by which these fibroblasts differentiate and expand is unknown. Here we identify a critical role for NOTCH3 signalling in the differentiation of perivascular and sublining fibroblasts that express CD90 (encoded by THY1). Using single-cell RNA sequencing and synovial tissue organoids, we found that NOTCH3 signalling drives both transcriptional and spatial gradients-emanating from vascular endothelial cells outwards-in fibroblasts. In active rheumatoid arthritis, NOTCH3 and Notch target genes are markedly upregulated in synovial fibroblasts. In mice, the genetic deletion of Notch3 or the blockade of NOTCH3 signalling attenuates inflammation and prevents joint damage in inflammatory arthritis. Our results indicate that synovial fibroblasts exhibit a positional identity that is regulated by endothelium-derived Notch signalling, and that this stromal crosstalk pathway underlies inflammation and pathology in inflammatory arthritis.


  
Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7815) : 282-+
作者:  Li, Jia;  Yang, Xiangdong;  Liu, Yang;  Huang, Bolong;  Wu, Ruixia;  Zhang, Zhengwei;  Zhao, Bei;  Ma, Huifang;  Dang, Weiqi;  Wei, Zheng;  Wang, Kai;  Lin, Zhaoyang;  Yan, Xingxu;  Sun, Mingzi;  Li, Bo;  Pan, Xiaoqing;  Luo, Jun;  Zhang, Guangyu;  Liu, Yuan;  Huang, Yu;  Duan, Xidong;  Duan, Xiangfeng
收藏  |  浏览/下载:17/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

The ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia in China and across the world is associated with a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2(1). This outbreak has been tentatively associated with a seafood market in Wuhan, China, where the sale of wild animals may be the source of zoonotic infection(2).Although bats are probable reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV-2, the identity of any intermediate host that may have facilitated transfer to humans is unknown. Here we report the identification of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins (Manisjavanica) seized in anti-smuggling operations in southern China. Metagenomic sequencing identified pangolin-associated coronaviruses that belong to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity in the receptor-binding domain to SARS-CoV-2. The discovery of multiple lineages of pangolin coronavirus and their similarity to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that pangolins should be considered as possible hosts in the emergence of new coronaviruses and should be removed from wet markets to prevent zoonotic transmission.


  
Universal quantum logic in hot silicon qubits 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7803) : 355-+
作者:  Li, Jia;  Yang, Xiangdong;  Liu, Yang;  Huang, Bolong;  Wu, Ruixia;  Zhang, Zhengwei;  Zhao, Bei;  Ma, Huifang;  Dang, Weiqi;  Wei, Zheng;  Wang, Kai;  Lin, Zhaoyang;  Yan, Xingxu;  Sun, Mingzi;  Li, Bo;  Pan, Xiaoqing;  Luo, Jun;  Zhang, Guangyu;  Liu, Yuan;  Huang, Yu;  Duan, Xidong;  Duan, Xiangfeng
收藏  |  浏览/下载:40/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Quantum computation requires many qubits that can be coherently controlled and coupled to each other(1). Qubits that are defined using lithographic techniques have been suggested to enable the development of scalable quantum systems because they can be implemented using semiconductor fabrication technology(2-5). However, leading solid-state approaches function only at temperatures below 100 millikelvin, where cooling power is extremely limited, and this severely affects the prospects of practical quantum computation. Recent studies of electron spins in silicon have made progress towards a platform that can be operated at higher temperatures by demonstrating long spin lifetimes(6), gate-based spin readout(7) and coherent single-spin control(8). However, a high-temperature two-qubit logic gate has not yet been demonstrated. Here we show that silicon quantum dots can have sufficient thermal robustness to enable the execution of a universal gate set at temperatures greater than one kelvin. We obtain single-qubit control via electron spin resonance and readout using Pauli spin blockade. In addition, we show individual coherent control of two qubits and measure single-qubit fidelities of up to 99.3 per cent. We demonstrate the tunability of the exchange interaction between the two spins from 0.5 to 18 megahertz and use it to execute coherent two-qubit controlled rotations. The demonstration of '  hot'  and universal quantum logic in a semiconductor platform paves the way for quantum integrated circuits that host both the quantum hardware and its control circuitry on the same chip, providing a scalable approach towards practical quantum information processing.


  
Nagaoka ferromagnetism observed in a quantum dot plaquette 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7800) : 528-533
作者:  Yu, Yong;  Ma, Fei;  Luo, Xi-Yu;  Jing, Bo;  Sun, Peng-Fei;  Fang, Ren-Zhou;  Yang, Chao-Wei;  Liu, Hui;  Zheng, Ming-Yang;  Xie, Xiu-Ping;  Zhang, Wei-Jun;  You, Li-Xing;  Wang, Zhen;  Chen, Teng-Yun;  Zhang, Qiang;  Bao, Xiao-Hui;  Pan, Jian-Wei
收藏  |  浏览/下载:31/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

A quantum dot device designed to host four electrons is used to demonstrate Nagaoka ferromagnetism-a model of itinerant magnetism that has so far been limited to theoretical investigation.


Engineered, highly controllable quantum systems are promising simulators of emergent physics beyond the simulation capabilities of classical computers(1). An important problem in many-body physics is itinerant magnetism, which originates purely from long-range interactions of free electrons and whose existence in real systems has been debated for decades(2,3). Here we use a quantum simulator consisting of a four-electron-site square plaquette of quantum dots(4) to demonstrate Nagaoka ferromagnetism(5). This form of itinerant magnetism has been rigorously studied theoretically(6-9) but has remained unattainable in experiments. We load the plaquette with three electrons and demonstrate the predicted emergence of spontaneous ferromagnetic correlations through pairwise measurements of spin. We find that the ferromagnetic ground state is remarkably robust to engineered disorder in the on-site potentials and we can induce a transition to the low-spin state by changing the plaquette topology to an open chain. This demonstration of Nagaoka ferromagnetism highlights that quantum simulators can be used to study physical phenomena that have not yet been observed in any experimental system. The work also constitutes an important step towards large-scale quantum dot simulators of correlated electron systems.


  
B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7791) : 549-+
作者:  Zhang, Liangsheng;  Chen, Fei;  Zhang, Xingtan;  Li, Zhen;  Zhao, Yiyong;  Lohaus, Rolf;  Chang, Xiaojun;  Dong, Wei;  Ho, Simon Y. W.;  Liu, Xing;  Song, Aixia;  Chen, Junhao;  Guo, Wenlei;  Wang, Zhengjia;  Zhuang, Yingyu;  Wang, Haifeng;  Chen, Xuequn;  Hu, Juan;  Liu, Yanhui;  Qin, Yuan;  Wang, Kai;  Dong, Shanshan;  Liu, Yang;  Zhang, Shouzhou;  Yu, Xianxian;  Wu, Qian;  Wang, Liangsheng;  Yan, Xueqing;  Jiao, Yuannian;  Kong, Hongzhi;  Zhou, Xiaofan;  Yu, Cuiwei;  Chen, Yuchu;  Li, Fan;  Wang, Jihua;  Chen, Wei;  Chen, Xinlu;  Jia, Qidong;  Zhang, Chi;  Jiang, Yifan;  Zhang, Wanbo;  Liu, Guanhua;  Fu, Jianyu;  Chen, Feng;  Ma, Hong;  Van de Peer, Yves;  Tang, Haibao
收藏  |  浏览/下载:41/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Multiomic profiling of several cohorts of patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade highlights the presence and potential role of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in promoting therapy response.


Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer therapy. Until now, predictive biomarkers(1-10) and strategies to augment clinical response have largely focused on the T cell compartment. However, other immune subsets may also contribute to anti-tumour immunity(11-15), although these have been less well-studied in ICB treatment(16). A previously conducted neoadjuvant ICB trial in patients with melanoma showed via targeted expression profiling(17) that B cell signatures were enriched in the tumours of patients who respond to treatment versus non-responding patients. To build on this, here we performed bulk RNA sequencing and found that B cell markers were the most differentially expressed genes in the tumours of responders versus non-responders. Our findings were corroborated using a computational method (MCP-counter(18)) to estimate the immune and stromal composition in this and two other ICB-treated cohorts (patients with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma). Histological evaluation highlighted the localization of B cells within tertiary lymphoid structures. We assessed the potential functional contributions of B cells via bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, which demonstrate clonal expansion and unique functional states of B cells in responders. Mass cytometry showed that switched memory B cells were enriched in the tumours of responders. Together, these data provide insights into the potential role of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in the response to ICB treatment, with implications for the development of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.


  
Device-independent quantum random-number generation 期刊论文
NATURE, 2018, 562 (7728) : 548-+
作者:  Liu, Yang;  Zhao, Qi;  Li, Ming-Han;  Guan, Jian-Yu;  Zhang, Yanbao;  Bai, Bing;  Zhang, Weijun;  Liu, Wen-Zhao;  Wu, Cheng;  Yuan, Xiao;  Li, Hao;  Munro, W. J.;  Wang, Zhen;  You, Lixing;  Zhang, Jun;  Ma, Xiongfeng;  Fan, Jingyun;  Zhang, Qiang;  Pan, Jian-Wei
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Pan-cancer genome and transcriptome analyses of 1,699 paediatric leukaemias and solid tumours 期刊论文
NATURE, 2018, 555 (7696) : 371-+
作者:  Ma, Xiaotu;  Liu, Yu;  Liu, Yanling;  Alexandrov, Ludmil B.;  Edmonson, Michael N.;  Gawad, Charles;  Zhou, Xin;  Li, Yongjin;  Rusch, Michael C.;  Easton, John;  Huether, Robert;  Gonzalez-Pena, Veronica;  Wilkinson, Mark R.;  Hermida, Leandro C.;  Davis, Sean;  Sioson, Edgar;  Pounds, Stanley;  Cao, Xueyuan;  Ries, Rhonda E.;  Wang, Zhaoming;  Chen, Xiang;  Dong, Li;  Diskin, Sharon J.;  Smith, Malcolm A.;  Auvil, Jaime M. Guidry;  Meltzer, Paul S.;  Lau, Ching C.;  Perlman, Elizabeth J.;  Maris, John M.;  Meshinchi, Soheil;  Hunger, Stephen P.;  Gerhard, Daniela S.;  Zhang, Jinghui
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27