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Breaking Earth's shell into a global plate network 期刊论文
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 2020, 11 (1)
作者:  Tang, C. A.;  Webb, A. A. G.;  Moore, W. B.;  Wang, Y. Y.;  Ma, T. H.;  Chen, T. T.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/21
Astronaut with sights on Mars 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7809) : 367-367
作者:  Funabashi, Masanori;  Grove, Tyler L.;  Wang, Min;  Varma, Yug;  McFadden, Molly E.;  Brown, Laura C.;  Guo, Chunjun;  Higginbottom, Steven;  Almo, Steven C.;  Fischbach, Michael A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:19/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins is at the forefront of a new crop of space explorers destined for the Moon, and maybe one day, Mars.


NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins is at the forefront of a new crop of space explorers destined for the Moon, and maybe one day, Mars.


  
Updraft and Downdraft Core Size and Intensity as Revealed by Radar Wind Profilers: MCS Observations and Idealized Model Comparisons 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2020, 125 (11)
作者:  Wang, Die;  Giangrande, Scott E.;  Feng, Zhe;  Hardin, Joseph C.;  Prein, Andreas F.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/18
mesoscale convective system  radar wind profiler  vertical velocity  Weather Research and Forecasting model  mass flux  convective draft  
CORONAVIRUS TESTS GO UNUSED IN THEIR THOUSANDS 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7803) : 312-313
作者:  Slabicki, Mikolaj;  Kozicka, Zuzanna;  Petzold, Georg;  Li, Yen-Der;  Manojkumar, Manisha;  Bunker, Richard D.;  Donovan, Katherine A.;  Sievers, Quinlan L.;  Koeppel, Jonas;  Suchyta, Dakota;  Sperling, Adam S.;  Fink, Emma C.;  Gasser, Jessica A.;  Wang, Li R.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03
Revealing enigmatic mucus structures in the deep sea using DeepPIV 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7814) : 78-+
作者:  Nguyen, Ngoc Uyen Nhi;  Canseco, Diana C.;  Xiao, Feng;  Nakada, Yuji;  Li, Shujuan;  Lam, Nicholas T.;  Muralidhar, Shalini A.;  Savla, Jainy J.;  Hill, Joseph A.;  Le, Victor;  Zidan, Kareem A.;  El-Feky, Hamed W.;  Wang, Zhaoning;  Ahmed, Mahmoud Salama;  Hubbi, Maimon E.;  Menendez-Montes, Ivan
收藏  |  浏览/下载:13/0  |  提交时间:2020/06/09

Advanced deep-sea imaging tools yield insights into the structure and function of mucus filtration houses built by midwater giant larvaceans.


Many animals build complex structures to aid in their survival, but very few are built exclusively from materials that animals create (1,2). In the midwaters of the ocean, mucoid structures are readily secreted by numerous animals, and serve many vital functions(3,4). However, little is known about these mucoid structures owing to the challenges of observing them in the deep sea. Among these mucoid forms, the '  houses'  of larvaceans are marvels of nature(5), and in the ocean twilight zone giant larvaceans secrete and build mucus filtering structures that can reach diameters of more than 1 m(6). Here we describe in situ laser-imaging technology(7) that reconstructs three-dimensional models of mucus forms. The models provide high-resolution views of giant larvacean houses and elucidate the role that house structure has in food capture and predator avoidance. Now that tools exist to study mucus structures found throughout the ocean, we can shed light on some of nature'  s most complex forms.


  
Recent Decrease of Summer Sea Ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica 期刊论文
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2020, 47 (11)
作者:  Turner, John;  Guarino, Maria Vittoria;  Arnatt, Jack;  Jena, Babula;  Marshall, Gareth J.;  Phillips, Tony;  Bajish, C. C.;  Clem, Kyle;  Wang, Zhaomin;  Andersson, Tom;  Murphy, Eugene J.;  Cavanagh, Rachel
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/25
sea ice  Antarctica  Weddell Sea  climate change  cryosphere  polynya  
Temporal Characteristics and Potential Sources of Black Carbon in Megacity Shanghai, China 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2020, 125 (9)
作者:  Wei, C.;  Wang, M. H.;  Fu, Q. Y.;  Dai, C.;  Huang, R.;  Bao, Q.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
black carbon  temporal variation  source apportionment  meteorological condition  back trajectory  
Subseasonal Vacillations in the Winter Stratosphere 期刊论文
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2020, 47 (9)
作者:  Hardiman, S. C.;  Scaife, A. A.;  Dunstone, N. J.;  Wang, L.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
seasonal forecast  wave-mean flow interaction  stratosphere  polar vortex  
Mutations that prevent caspase cleavage of RIPK1 cause autoinflammatory disease 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 103-+
作者:  Lalaoui, Najoua;  Boyden, Steven E.;  Oda, Hirotsugu;  Wood, Geryl M.;  Stone, Deborah L.;  Chau, Diep;  Liu, Lin;  Stoffels, Monique;  Kratina, Tobias;  Lawlor, Kate E.;  Zaal, Kristien J. M.;  Hoffmann, Patrycja M.;  Etemadi, Nima;  Shield-Artin, Kristy;  Biben, Christine;  Tsai, Wanxia Li;  Blake, Mary D.;  Kuehn, Hye Sun;  Yang, Dan;  Anderton, Holly;  Silke, Natasha;  Wachsmuth, Laurens;  Zheng, Lixin;  Moura, Natalia Sampaio;  Beck, David B.;  Gutierrez-Cruz, Gustavo;  Ombrello, Amanda K.;  Pinto-Patarroyo, Gineth P.;  Kueh, Andrew J.;  Herold, Marco J.;  Hall, Cathrine;  Wang, Hongying;  Chae, Jae Jin;  Dmitrieva, Natalia I.;  McKenzie, Mark;  Light, Amanda;  Barham, Beverly K.;  Jones, Anne;  Romeo, Tina M.;  Zhou, Qing;  Aksentijevich, Ivona;  Mullikin, James C.;  Gross, Andrew J.;  Shum, Anthony K.;  Hawkins, Edwin D.;  Masters, Seth L.;  Lenardo, Michael J.;  Boehm, Manfred;  Rosenzweig, Sergio D.;  Pasparakis, Manolis;  Voss, Anne K.;  Gadina, Massimo;  Kastner, Daniel L.;  Silke, John
收藏  |  浏览/下载:23/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

RIPK1 is a key regulator of innate immune signalling pathways. To ensure an optimal inflammatory response, RIPK1 is regulated post-translationally by well-characterized ubiquitylation and phosphorylation events, as well as by caspase-8-mediated cleavage1-7. The physiological relevance of this cleavage event remains unclear, although it is thought to inhibit activation of RIPK3 and necroptosis8. Here we show that the heterozygous missense mutations D324N, D324H and D324Y prevent caspase cleavage of RIPK1 in humans and result in an early-onset periodic fever syndrome and severe intermittent lymphadenopathy-a condition we term '  cleavage-resistant RIPK1-induced autoinflammatory syndrome'  . To define the mechanism for this disease, we generated a cleavage-resistant Ripk1(D325A) mutant mouse strain. Whereas Ripk1(-/-) mice died postnatally from systemic inflammation, Ripk1(D325A/D325A) mice died during embryogenesis. Embryonic lethality was completely prevented by the combined loss of Casp8 and Ripk3, but not by loss of Ripk3 or Mlkl alone. Loss of RIPK1 kinase activity also prevented Ripk1(D325A/D325A) embryonic lethality, although the mice died before weaning from multi-organ inflammation in a RIPK3-dependent manner. Consistently, Ripk1(D325A/D325A) and Ripk1(D325A/+) cells were hypersensitive to RIPK3-dependent TNF-induced apoptosis and necroptosis. Heterozygous Ripk1(D325A/+) mice were viable and grossly normal, but were hyper-responsive to inflammatory stimuli in vivo. Our results demonstrate the importance of caspase-mediated RIPK1 cleavage during embryonic development and show that caspase cleavage of RIPK1 not only inhibits necroptosis but also maintains inflammatory homeostasis throughout life.


  
Impaired cell fate through gain-of-function mutations in a chromatin reader 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 121-+
作者:  Wan, Liling;  Chong, Shasha;  Xuan, Fan;  Liang, Angela;  Cui, Xiaodong;  Gates, Leah;  Carroll, Thomas S.;  Li, Yuanyuan;  Feng, Lijuan;  Chen, Guochao;  Wang, Shu-Ping;  Ortiz, Michael V.;  Daley, Sara K.;  Wang, Xiaolu;  Xuan, Hongwen;  Kentsis, Alex;  Muir, Tom W.;  Roeder, Robert G.;  Li, Haitao;  Li, Wei;  Tjian, Robert;  Wen, Hong;  Allis, C. David
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Modifications of histone proteins have essential roles in normal development and human disease. Recognition of modified histones by '  reader'  proteins is a key mechanism that mediates the function of histone modifications, but how the dysregulation of these readers might contribute to disease remains poorly understood. We previously identified the ENL protein as a reader of histone acetylation via its YEATS domain, linking it to the expression of cancer-driving genes in acute leukaemia1. Recurrent hotspot mutations have been found in the ENL YEATS domain in Wilms tumour2,3, the most common type of paediatric kidney cancer. Here we show, using human and mouse cells, that these mutations impair cell-fate regulation by conferring gain-of-function in chromatin recruitment and transcriptional control. ENL mutants induce gene-expression changes that favour a premalignant cell fate, and, in an assay for nephrogenesis using murine cells, result in undifferentiated structures resembling those observed in human Wilms tumour. Mechanistically, although bound to largely similar genomic loci as the wild-type protein, ENL mutants exhibit increased occupancy at a subset of targets, leading to a marked increase in the recruitment and activity of transcription elongation machinery that enforces active transcription from target loci. Furthermore, ectopically expressed ENL mutants exhibit greater self-association and form discrete and dynamic nuclear puncta that are characteristic of biomolecular hubs consisting of local high concentrations of regulatory factors. Such mutation-driven ENL self-association is functionally linked to enhanced chromatin occupancy and gene activation. Collectively, our findings show that hotspot mutations in a chromatinreader domain drive self-reinforced recruitment, derailing normal cell-fate control during development and leading to an oncogenic outcome.