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A massive rock and ice avalanche caused the 2021 disaster at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya 期刊论文
Science, 2021
作者:  D. H. Shugar;  M. Jacquemart;  D. Shean;  S. Bhushan;  K. Upadhyay;  A. Sattar;  W. Schwanghart;  S. McBride;  M. Van Wyk de Vries;  M. Mergili;  A. Emmer;  C. Deschamps-Berger;  M. McDonnell;  R. Bhambri;  S. Allen;  E. Berthier;  J. L. Carrivick;  J. J. Clague;  M. Dokukin;  S. A. Dunning;  H. Frey;  S. Gascoin;  U. K. Haritashya;  C. Huggel;  A. Kääb;  J. S. Kargel;  J. L. Kavanaugh;  P. Lacroix;  D. Petley;  S. Rupper;  M. F. Azam;  S. J. Cook;  A. P. Dimri;  M. Eriksson;  D. Farinotti;  J. Fiddes;  K. R. Gnyawali;  S. Harrison;  M. Jha;  M. Koppes;  A. Kumar;  S. Leinss;  U. Majeed;  S. Mal;  A. Muhuri;  J. Noetzli;  F. Paul;  I. Rashid;  K. Sain;  J. Steiner;  F. Ugalde;  C. S. Watson;  M. J. Westoby
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2021/07/27
Enhanced Zika virus susceptibility of globally invasive Aedes aegypti populations 期刊论文
Science, 2020
作者:  Fabien Aubry;  Stéphanie Dabo;  Caroline Manet;  Igor Filipović;  Noah H. Rose;  Elliott F. Miot;  Daria Martynow;  Artem Baidaliuk;  Sarah H. Merkling;  Laura B. Dickson;  Anna B. Crist;  Victor O. Anyango;  Claudia M. Romero-Vivas;  Anubis Vega-Rúa;  Isabelle Dusfour;  Davy Jiolle;  Christophe Paupy;  Martin N. Mayanja;  Julius J. Lutwama;  Alain Kohl;  Veasna Duong;  Alongkot Ponlawat;  Massamba Sylla;  Jewelna Akorli;  Sampson Otoo;  Joel Lutomiah;  Rosemary Sang;  John-Paul Mutebi;  Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau;  Richard G. Jarman;  Cheikh T. Diagne;  Oumar Faye;  Ousmane Faye;  Amadou A. Sall;  Carolyn S. McBride;  Xavier Montagutelli;  Gordana Rašić;  Louis Lambrechts
收藏  |  浏览/下载:18/0  |  提交时间:2020/11/24
Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7790) : 399-+
作者:  Gate, David;  Saligrama, Naresha;  Leventhal, Olivia;  Yang, Andrew C.;  Unger, Michael S.;  Middeldorp, Jinte;  Chen, Kelly;  Lehallier, Benoit;  Channappa, Divya;  De Los Santos, Mark B.;  McBride, Alisha;  Pluvinage, John;  Elahi, Fanny;  Tam, Grace Kyin-Ye;  Kim, Yongha;  Greicius, Michael;  Wagner, Anthony D.;  Aigner, Ludwig;  Galasko, Douglas R.;  Davis, Mark M.;  Wyss-Coray, Tony
收藏  |  浏览/下载:6/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Alzheimer'  s disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which neuroinflammation has a critical function(1). However, little is known about the contribution of the adaptive immune response in Alzheimer'  s disease(2). Here, using integrated analyses of multiple cohorts, we identify peripheral and central adaptive immune changes in Alzheimer'  s disease. First, we performed mass cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and discovered an immune signature of Alzheimer'  s disease that consists of increased numbers of CD8(+) T effector memory CD45RA(+) (T-EMRA) cells. In a second cohort, we found that CD8(+) T-EMRA cells were negatively associated with cognition. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that T cell receptor (TCR) signalling was enhanced in these cells. Notably, by using several strategies of single-cell TCR sequencing in a third cohort, we discovered clonally expanded CD8(+) T-EMRA cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer'  s disease. Finally, we used machine learning, cloning and peptide screens to demonstrate the specificity of clonally expanded TCRs in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer'  s disease to two separate Epstein-Barr virus antigens. These results reveal an adaptive immune response in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer'  s disease and provide evidence of clonal, antigen-experienced T cells patrolling the intrathecal space of brains affected by age-related neurodegeneration.


  
Pancreatic cancer hidden in plain sight 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7806) : 34-35
作者:  Zung, Jessica L.;  McBride, Carolyn S.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:4/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03
Premature mortality related to United States cross-state air pollution 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7794) : 261-+
作者:  Helmink, Beth A.;  Reddy, Sangeetha M.;  Gao, Jianjun;  Zhang, Shaojun;  Basar, Rafet;  Thakur, Rohit;  Yizhak, Keren;  Sade-Feldman, Moshe;  Blando, Jorge;  Han, Guangchun;  Gopalakrishnan, Vancheswaran;  Xi, Yuanxin;  Zhao, Hao;  Amaria, Rodabe N.;  Tawbi, Hussein A.;  Cogdill, Alex P.;  Liu, Wenbin;  LeBleu, Valerie S.;  Kugeratski, Fernanda G.;  Patel, Sapna;  Davies, Michael A.;  Hwu, Patrick;  Lee, Jeffrey E.;  Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.;  Lucci, Anthony;  Arora, Reetakshi;  Woodman, Scott;  Keung, Emily Z.;  Gaudreau, Pierre-Olivier;  Reuben, Alexandre;  Spencer, Christine N.;  Burton, Elizabeth M.;  Haydu, Lauren E.;  Lazar, Alexander J.;  Zapassodi, Roberta;  Hudgens, Courtney W.;  Ledesma, Deborah A.;  Ong, SuFey;  Bailey, Michael;  Warren, Sarah;  Rao, Disha;  Krijgsman, Oscar;  Rozeman, Elisa A.;  Peeper, Daniel;  Blank, Christian U.;  Schumacher, Ton N.;  Butterfield, Lisa H.;  Zelazowska, Monika A.;  McBride, Kevin M.;  Kalluri, Raghu;  Allison, James;  Petitprez, Florent;  Fridman, Wolf Herman;  Sautes-Fridman, Catherine;  Hacohen, Nir;  Rezvani, Katayoun;  Sharma, Padmanee;  Tetzlaff, Michael T.;  Wang, Linghua;  Wargo, Jennifer A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:37/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Outdoor air pollution adversely affects human health and is estimated to be responsible for five to ten per cent of the total annual premature mortality in the contiguous United States(1-3). Combustion emissions from a variety of sources, such as power generation or road traffic, make a large contribution to harmful air pollutants such as ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)(4). Efforts to mitigate air pollution have focused mainly on the relationship between local emission sources and local air quality(2). Air quality can also be affected by distant emission sources, however, including emissions from neighbouring federal states(5,6). This cross-state exchange of pollution poses additional regulatory challenges. Here we quantify the exchange of air pollution among the contiguous United States, and assess its impact on premature mortality that is linked to increased human exposure to PM2.5 and ozone from seven emission sectors for 2005 to 2018. On average, we find that 41 to 53 per cent of air-quality-related premature mortality resulting from a state'  s emissions occurs outside that state. We also find variations in the cross-state contributions of different emission sectors and chemical species to premature mortality, and changes in these variations over time. Emissions from electric power generation have the greatest cross-state impacts as a fraction of their total impacts, whereas commercial/residential emissions have the smallest. However, reductions in emissions from electric power generation since 2005 have meant that, by 2018, cross-state premature mortality associated with the commercial/residential sector was twice that associated with power generation. In terms of the chemical species emitted, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions caused the most cross-state premature deaths in 2005, but by 2018 primary PM2.5 emissions led to cross-state premature deaths equal to three times those associated with sulfur dioxide emissions. These reported shifts in emission sectors and emission species that contribute to premature mortality may help to guide improvements to air quality in the contiguous United States.


  
Structure of the M2 muscarinic receptor-beta-arrestin complex in a lipid nanodisc 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7798) : 297-+
作者:  Gate, David;  Saligrama, Naresha;  Leventhal, Olivia;  Yang, Andrew C.;  Unger, Michael S.;  Middeldorp, Jinte;  Chen, Kelly;  Lehallier, Benoit;  Channappa, Divya;  De Los Santos, Mark B.;  McBride, Alisha;  Pluvinage, John;  Elahi, Fanny;  Tam, Grace Kyin-Ye;  Kim, Yongha;  Greicius, Michael;  Wagner, Anthony D.;  Aigner, Ludwig;  Galasko, Douglas R.;  Davis, Mark M.;  Wyss-Coray, Tony
收藏  |  浏览/下载:28/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

After activation by an agonist, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) recruit beta-arrestin, which desensitizes heterotrimeric G-protein signalling and promotes receptor endocytosis(1). Additionally, beta-arrestin directly regulates many cell signalling pathways that can induce cellular responses distinct from that of G proteins(2). In contrast to G proteins, for which there are many high-resolution structures in complex with GPCRs, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of beta-arrestin with GPCRs are much less understood. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of beta-arrestin 1 (beta arr1) in complex with M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) reconstituted in lipid nanodiscs. The M2R-beta arr1 complex displays a multimodal network of flexible interactions, including binding of the N domain of beta arr1 to phosphorylated receptor residues and insertion of the finger loop of beta arr1 into the M2R seven-transmembrane bundle, which adopts a conformation similar to that in the M2R-heterotrimeric G(o) protein complex(3). Moreover, the cryo-electron microscopy map reveals that the C-edge of beta arr1 engages the lipid bilayer. Through atomistic simulations and biophysical, biochemical and cellular assays, we show that the C-edge is critical for stable complex formation, beta arr1 recruitment, receptor internalization, and desensitization of G-protein activation. Taken together, these data suggest that the cooperative interactions of beta-arrestin with both the receptor and the phospholipid bilayer contribute to its functional versatility.


  
Quantum crystal structure in the 250-kelvin superconducting lanthanum hydride 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7793) : 66-+
作者:  Gate, David;  Saligrama, Naresha;  Leventhal, Olivia;  Yang, Andrew C.;  Unger, Michael S.;  Middeldorp, Jinte;  Chen, Kelly;  Lehallier, Benoit;  Channappa, Divya;  De Los Santos, Mark B.;  McBride, Alisha;  Pluvinage, John;  Elahi, Fanny;  Tam, Grace Kyin-Ye;  Kim, Yongha;  Greicius, Michael;  Wagner, Anthony D.;  Aigner, Ludwig;  Galasko, Douglas R.;  Davis, Mark M.;  Wyss-Coray, Tony
收藏  |  浏览/下载:19/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

The discovery of superconductivity at 200 kelvin in the hydrogen sulfide system at high pressures(1) demonstrated the potential of hydrogen-rich materials as high-temperature superconductors. Recent theoretical predictions of rare-earth hydrides with hydrogen cages(2,3) and the subsequent synthesis of LaH10 with a superconducting critical temperature (T-c) of 250 kelvin(4,5) have placed these materials on the verge of achieving the long-standing goal of room-temperature superconductivity. Electrical and X-ray diffraction measurements have revealed a weakly pressure-dependent T-c for LaH10 between 137 and 218 gigapascals in a structure that has a face-centred cubic arrangement of lanthanum atoms(5). Here we show that quantum atomic fluctuations stabilize a highly symmetrical Fm (3) over barm crystal structure over this pressure range. The structure is consistent with experimental findings and has a very large electron-phonon coupling constant of 3.5. Although ab initio classical calculations predict that this Fm (3) over barm structure undergoes distortion at pressures below 230 gigapascals(2,3,) yielding a complex energy landscape, the inclusion of quantum effects suggests that it is the true ground-state structure. The agreement between the calculated and experimental Tc values further indicates that this phase is responsible for the superconductivity observed at 250 kelvin. The relevance of quantum fluctuations calls into question many of the crystal structure predictions that have been made for hydrides within a classical approach and that currently guide the experimental quest for room-temperature superconductivity(6-8). Furthermore, we find that quantum effects are crucial for the stabilization of solids with high electron-phonon coupling constants that could otherwise be destabilized by the large electron-phonon interaction(9), thus reducing the pressures required for their synthesis.