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Breaking Earth's shell into a global plate network 期刊论文
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 2020, 11 (1)
作者:  Tang, C. A.;  Webb, A. A. G.;  Moore, W. B.;  Wang, Y. Y.;  Ma, T. H.;  Chen, T. T.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/21
Biofuel burning and human respiration bias on satellite estimates of fossil fuel CO(2)emissions 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2020, 15 (7)
作者:  Ciais, P.;  Wang, Y.;  Andrew, R.;  Breon, F. M.;  Chevallier, F.;  Broquet, G.;  Nabuurs, G. J.;  Peters, G.;  McGrath, M.;  Meng, W.;  Zheng, B.;  Tao, S.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/18
fossil fuel emissions  satellites  biofuels  
Temporal Characteristics and Potential Sources of Black Carbon in Megacity Shanghai, China 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2020, 125 (9)
作者:  Wei, C.;  Wang, M. H.;  Fu, Q. Y.;  Dai, C.;  Huang, R.;  Bao, Q.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
black carbon  temporal variation  source apportionment  meteorological condition  back trajectory  
Exploring Abrupt Alternations Between Wet and Dry Conditions on the Basis of Historical Observations and Convection-Permitting Climate Model Simulations 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2020, 125 (9)
作者:  Chen, H.;  Wang, S.;  Wang, Y.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:5/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
dry-wet abrupt alternation  convection permitting  extreme event  heavy rainfall  drought  
An Alternative BEM for Simulating the Flow Behavior of a Leaky Confined Fractured Aquifer With the Use of the Semianalytical Approach 期刊论文
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 2020, 56 (5)
作者:  Luo, Wanjing;  Wang, Junlei;  Wang, Lei;  Zhou, Y.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
boundary element method  continuously confined fractured aquifer  discretely confined fractured aquifer  Green'  s function  transient flow behavior  
A dominant autoinflammatory disease caused by non-cleavable variants of RIPK1 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 109-+
作者:  Tao, Panfeng;  Sun, Jinqiao;  Wu, Zheming;  Wang, Shihao;  Wang, Jun;  Li, Wanjin;  Pan, Heling;  Bai, Renkui;  Zhang, Jiahui;  Wang, Ying;  Lee, Pui Y.;  Ying, Wenjing;  Zhou, Qinhua;  Hou, Jia;  Wang, Wenjie;  Sun, Bijun;  Yang, Mi;  Liu, Danru;  Fang, Ran;  Han, Huan;  Yang, Zhaohui;  Huang, Xin;  Li, Haibo;  Deuitch, Natalie;  Zhang, Yuan;  Dissanayake, Dilan;  Haude, Katrina;  McWalter, Kirsty;  Roadhouse, Chelsea;  MacKenzie, Jennifer J.;  Laxer, Ronald M.;  Aksentijevich, Ivona;  Yu, Xiaomin;  Wang, Xiaochuan;  Yuan, Junying;  Zhou, Qing
收藏  |  浏览/下载:21/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Activation of RIPK1 controls TNF-mediated apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammatory pathways(1). Cleavage of human and mouse RIPK1 after residues D324 and D325, respectively, by caspase-8 separates the RIPK1 kinase domain from the intermediate and death domains. The D325A mutation in mouse RIPK1 leads to embryonic lethality during mouse development(2,3). However, the functional importance of blocking caspase-8-mediated cleavage of RIPK1 on RIPK1 activation in humans is unknown. Here we identify two families with variants in RIPK1 (D324V and D324H) that lead to distinct symptoms of recurrent fevers and lymphadenopathy in an autosomaldominant manner. Impaired cleavage of RIPK1 D324 variants by caspase-8 sensitized patients'  peripheral blood mononuclear cells to RIPK1 activation, apoptosis and necroptosis induced by TNF. The patients showed strong RIPK1-dependent activation of inflammatory signalling pathways and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared with unaffected controls. Furthermore, we show that expression of the RIPK1 mutants D325V or D325H in mouse embryonic fibroblasts confers not only increased sensitivity to RIPK1 activation-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis, but also induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF. By contrast, patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced expression of RIPK1 and downregulated production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in resistance to necroptosis and ferroptosis. Together, these data suggest that human non-cleavable RIPK1 variants promote activation of RIPK1, and lead to an autoinflammatory disease characterized by hypersensitivity to apoptosis and necroptosis and increased inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as a compensatory mechanism to protect against several pro-death stimuli in fibroblasts.


  
The water lily genome and the early evolution of flowering plants 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 79-+
作者:  Zhang, Liangsheng;  Chen, Fei;  Zhang, Xingtan;  Li, Zhen;  Zhao, Yiyong;  Lohaus, Rolf;  Chang, Xiaojun;  Dong, Wei;  Ho, Simon Y. W.;  Liu, Xing;  Song, Aixia;  Chen, Junhao;  Guo, Wenlei;  Wang, Zhengjia;  Zhuang, Yingyu;  Wang, Haifeng;  Chen, Xuequn;  Hu, Juan;  Liu, Yanhui;  Qin, Yuan;  Wang, Kai;  Dong, Shanshan;  Liu, Yang;  Zhang, Shouzhou;  Yu, Xianxian;  Wu, Qian;  Wang, Liangsheng;  Yan, Xueqing;  Jiao, Yuannian;  Kong, Hongzhi;  Zhou, Xiaofan;  Yu, Cuiwei;  Chen, Yuchu;  Li, Fan;  Wang, Jihua;  Chen, Wei;  Chen, Xinlu;  Jia, Qidong;  Zhang, Chi;  Jiang, Yifan;  Zhang, Wanbo;  Liu, Guanhua;  Fu, Jianyu;  Chen, Feng;  Ma, Hong;  Van de Peer, Yves;  Tang, Haibao
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Water lilies belong to the angiosperm order Nymphaeales. Amborellales, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales together form the so-called ANA-grade of angiosperms, which are extant representatives of lineages that diverged the earliest from the lineage leading to the extant mesangiosperms(1-3). Here we report the 409-megabase genome sequence of the blue-petal water lily (Nymphaea colorata). Our phylogenomic analyses support Amborellales and Nymphaeales as successive sister lineages to all other extant angiosperms. The N. colorata genome and 19 other water lily transcriptomes reveal a Nymphaealean whole-genome duplication event, which is shared by Nymphaeaceae and possibly Cabombaceae. Among the genes retained from this whole-genome duplication are homologues of genes that regulate flowering transition and flower development. The broad expression of homologues of floral ABCE genes in N. colorata might support a similarly broadly active ancestral ABCE model of floral organ determination in early angiosperms. Water lilies have evolved attractive floral scents and colours, which are features shared with mesangiosperms, and we identified their putative biosynthetic genes in N. colorata. The chemical compounds and biosynthetic genes behind floral scents suggest that they have evolved in parallel to those in mesangiosperms. Because of its unique phylogenetic position, the N. colorata genome sheds light on the early evolution of angiosperms.


  
The fate of carbon in a mature forest under carbon dioxide enrichment 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7802) : 227-+
作者:  Sun, P. Z.;  Yang, Q.;  Kuang, W. J.;  Stebunov, Y. V.;  Xiong, W. Q.;  Yu, J.;  Nair, R. R.;  Katsnelson, M. I.;  Yuan, S. J.;  Grigorieva, I. V.;  Lozada-Hidalgo, M.;  Wang, F. C.;  Geim, A. K.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:70/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Carbon dioxide enrichment of a mature forest resulted in the emission of the excess carbon back into the atmosphere via enhanced ecosystem respiration, suggesting that mature forests may be limited in their capacity to mitigate climate change.


Atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment (eCO(2)) can enhance plant carbon uptake and growth(1-5), thereby providing an important negative feedback to climate change by slowing the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration(6). Although evidence gathered from young aggrading forests has generally indicated a strong CO2 fertilization effect on biomass growth(3-5), it is unclear whether mature forests respond to eCO(2) in a similar way. In mature trees and forest stands(7-10), photosynthetic uptake has been found to increase under eCO(2) without any apparent accompanying growth response, leaving the fate of additional carbon fixed under eCO(2) unclear(4,5,7-11). Here using data from the first ecosystem-scale Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment in a mature forest, we constructed a comprehensive ecosystem carbon budget to track the fate of carbon as the forest responded to four years of eCO(2) exposure. We show that, although the eCO(2) treatment of +150 parts per million (+38 per cent) above ambient levels induced a 12 per cent (+247 grams of carbon per square metre per year) increase in carbon uptake through gross primary production, this additional carbon uptake did not lead to increased carbon sequestration at the ecosystem level. Instead, the majority of the extra carbon was emitted back into the atmosphere via several respiratory fluxes, with increased soil respiration alone accounting for half of the total uptake surplus. Our results call into question the predominant thinking that the capacity of forests to act as carbon sinks will be generally enhanced under eCO(2), and challenge the efficacy of climate mitigation strategies that rely on ubiquitous CO2 fertilization as a driver of increased carbon sinks in global forests.


  
Impacts of Bridge Piers on Scour at Downstream River Training Structures: Submerged Weir as an Example 期刊论文
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, 2020, 56 (4)
作者:  Wang, Lu;  Melville, Bruce W.;  Shamseldin, Asaad Y.;  Nie, Ruihua
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
River training structures  Local scour  Upstream bridge piers  Submerged weirs  
A New Theory for Energetic Electron Generation Behind Dipolarization Front 期刊论文
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2020, 47 (6)
作者:  Fu, H. S.;  Zhao, M. J.;  Yu, Y.;  Wang, Z.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
dipolarization front  energetic electrons  new theory  electron acceleration  magnetosonic wave  magnetic bottle