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PNAS发表系列文章探讨全球昆虫现状及应对措施 快报文章
资源环境快报,2021年第3期
作者:  裴惠娟
Microsoft Word(22Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:475/0  |  提交时间:2021/02/15
Insect  Decline  Anthropocene  Stressors  
NERC资助研究人类活动与全球昆虫衰退之间的联系 快报文章
资源环境快报,2020年第24期
作者:  裴惠娟
Microsoft Word(14Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:455/0  |  提交时间:2020/12/31
Human Activities  Global Insect Decline  Link  
全球范围内自然对人类的大部分贡献都有所减少 快报文章
资源环境快报,2020年第24期
作者:  裴惠娟
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:460/0  |  提交时间:2020/12/31
Nature's Contributions to People  Global Trends  Decline  
世界自然基金会发布《地球生命力报告2020》 快报文章
资源环境快报,2020年第18期
作者:  董利苹
Microsoft Word(18Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:626/0  |  提交时间:2020/09/29
Living Planet  Main Cause  Decline in Populations  Habitat Loss and Degradation  
全球首次珊瑚礁鲨鱼调查显示鲨鱼数量普遍下降 快报文章
资源环境快报,2020年第15期
作者:  薛明媚,王金平
Microsoft Word(21Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:342/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/16
Coral reef fish  decline  
Flowering plant composition shapes pathogen infection intensity and reproduction in bumble bee colonies 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (21) : 11559-11565
作者:  Adler, Lynn S.;  Barber, Nicholas A.;  Biller, Olivia M.;  Irwin, Rebecca E.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
hedgerows  pathogen transmission  pollinator decline  pollinator habitat  wildflower strips  
Monitoring global education inequality 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7805) : 591-592
作者:  Ledford, Heidi
收藏  |  浏览/下载:8/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Tools have been developed to project inequalities in education around the world to 2030. They reveal that overall inequality will decline, but that all world regions will fall short of achieving universal secondary education.


  
APOE4 leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7806) : 70-+
作者:  Doherty, Tiarnan A. S.;  Winchester, Andrew J.;  Macpherson, Stuart;  Johnstone, Duncan N.;  Pareek, Vivek;  Tennyson, Elizabeth M.;  Kosar, Sofiia;  Kosasih, Felix U.;  Anaya, Miguel;  Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba;  Andaji-Garmaroudi, Zahra;  Wong, E. Laine;  Madeo, Julien;  Chiang, Yu-Hsien;  Park, Ji-Sang;  Jung, Young-Kwang;  Petoukhoff, Christopher E.;  Divitini, Giorgio;  Man, Michael K. L.;  Ducati, Caterina;  Walsh, Aron;  Midgley, Paul A.;  Dani, Keshav M.;  Stranks, Samuel D.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:25/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in individuals carrying the epsilon 4 allele of the APOE gene, but not the epsilon 3 allele, increases with and predicts cognitive impairment and is independent of amyloid beta or tau pathology.


Vascular contributions to dementia and Alzheimer'  s disease are increasingly recognized(1-6). Recent studies have suggested that breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction(7), including the early clinical stages of Alzheimer'  s disease(5,8-10). The E4 variant of apolipoprotein E (APOE4), the main susceptibility gene for Alzheimer'  s disease(11-14), leads to accelerated breakdown of the BBB and degeneration of brain capillary pericytes(15-19), which maintain BBB integrity(20-22). It is unclear, however, whether the cerebrovascular effects of APOE4 contribute to cognitive impairment. Here we show that individuals bearing APOE4 (with the epsilon 3/epsilon 4 or epsilon 4/epsilon 4 alleles) are distinguished from those without APOE4 (epsilon 3/epsilon 3) by breakdown of the BBB in the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe. This finding is apparent in cognitively unimpaired APOE4 carriers and more severe in those with cognitive impairment, but is not related to amyloid-beta or tau pathology measured in cerebrospinal fluid or by positron emission tomography(23). High baseline levels of the BBB pericyte injury biomarker soluble PDGFR beta(7,8) in the cerebrospinal fluid predicted future cognitive decline in APOE4 carriers but not in non-carriers, even after controlling for amyloid-beta and tau status, and were correlated with increased activity of the BBB-degrading cyclophilin A-matrix metalloproteinase-9 pathway(19) in cerebrospinal fluid. Our findings suggest that breakdown of the BBB contributes to APOE4-associated cognitive decline independently of Alzheimer'  s disease pathology, and might be a therapeutic target in APOE4 carriers.


  
Nutrient dilution and climate cycles underlie declines in a dominant insect herbivore 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (13) : 7271-7275
作者:  Welti, Ellen A. R.;  Roeder, Karl A.;  de Beurs, Kirsten M.;  Joern, Anthony;  Kaspari, Michael
收藏  |  浏览/下载:6/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
insect decline  global change  grasshopper  Acrididae  grassland  
Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7797) : 80-+
作者:  Wannes Hubau;  Simon L. Lewis;  Oliver L. Phillips;  Kofi Affum-Baffoe;  Hans Beeckman;  Aida Cuní;  -Sanchez;  Armandu K. Daniels;  Corneille E. N. Ewango;  Sophie Fauset;  Jacques M. Mukinzi;  Douglas Sheil;  Bonaventure Sonké;  Martin J. P. Sullivan;  Terry C. H. Sunderland;  Hermann Taedoumg;  Sean C. Thomas;  Lee J. T. White;  Katharine A. Abernethy;  Stephen Adu-Bredu;  Christian A. Amani;  Timothy R. Baker;  Lindsay F. Banin;  Fidè;  le Baya;  Serge K. Begne;  Amy C. Bennett;  Fabrice Benedet;  Robert Bitariho;  Yannick E. Bocko;  Pascal Boeckx;  Patrick Boundja;  Roel J. W. Brienen;  Terry Brncic;  Eric Chezeaux;  George B. Chuyong;  Connie J. Clark;  Murray Collins;  James A. Comiskey;  David A. Coomes;  Greta C. Dargie;  Thales de Haulleville;  Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem;  Jean-Louis Doucet;  Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert;  Ted R. Feldpausch;  Alusine Fofanah;  Ernest G. Foli;  Martin Gilpin;  Emanuel Gloor;  Christelle Gonmadje;  Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury;  Jefferson S. Hall;  Alan C. Hamilton;  David J. Harris;  Terese B. Hart;  Mireille B. N. Hockemba;  Annette Hladik;  Suspense A. Ifo;  Kathryn J. Jeffery;  Tommaso Jucker;  Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu;  Elizabeth Kearsley;  David Kenfack;  Alexander Koch;  Miguel E. Leal;  Aurora Levesley;  Jeremy A. Lindsell;  Janvier Lisingo;  Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez;  Jon C. Lovett;  Jean-Remy Makana;  Yadvinder Malhi;  Andrew R. Marshall;  Jim Martin;  Emanuel H. Martin;  Faustin M. Mbayu;  Vincent P. Medjibe;  Vianet Mihindou;  Edward T. A. Mitchard;  Sam Moore;  Pantaleo K. T. Munishi;  Natacha Nssi Bengone;  Lucas Ojo;  Fidè;  le Evouna Ondo;  Kelvin S.-H. Peh;  Georgia C. Pickavance;  Axel Dalberg Poulsen;  John R. Poulsen;  Lan Qie;  Jan Reitsma;  Francesco Rovero;  Michael D. Swaine;  Joey Talbot;  James Taplin;  David M. Taylor;  Duncan W. Thomas;  Benjamin Toirambe;  John Tshibamba Mukendi;  Darlington Tuagben;  Peter M. Umunay;  Geertje M. F. van der Heijden;  Hans Verbeeck;  Jason Vleminckx;  Simon Willcock;  Hannsjö;  rg Wö;  ll;  John T. Woods;  Lise Zemagho
收藏  |  浏览/下载:25/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions(1-3). Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest '  carbon sink'  will continue for decades(4,5). Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53-0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests(6). Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth'  s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature(7-9). Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth'  s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass(10) reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth'  s climate.