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国际研究指出极端降水造成我国水稻减产8%左右 快报文章
气候变化快报,2023年第10期
作者:  刘莉娜
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:528/0  |  提交时间:2023/05/19
Extreme Rainfall  Rice Yield  China  
A perspective on changes across the US Corn Belt 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2020, 15 (7)
作者:  Hunt, Eric D.;  Birge, Hannah E.;  Laingen, Christopher;  Licht, Mark A.;  McMechan, Justin;  Baule, William;  Connor, Tom
收藏  |  浏览/下载:8/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/18
corn yield  trends  corn production  
Revealing enigmatic mucus structures in the deep sea using DeepPIV 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7814) : 78-+
作者:  Nguyen, Ngoc Uyen Nhi;  Canseco, Diana C.;  Xiao, Feng;  Nakada, Yuji;  Li, Shujuan;  Lam, Nicholas T.;  Muralidhar, Shalini A.;  Savla, Jainy J.;  Hill, Joseph A.;  Le, Victor;  Zidan, Kareem A.;  El-Feky, Hamed W.;  Wang, Zhaoning;  Ahmed, Mahmoud Salama;  Hubbi, Maimon E.;  Menendez-Montes, Ivan
收藏  |  浏览/下载:13/0  |  提交时间:2020/06/09

Advanced deep-sea imaging tools yield insights into the structure and function of mucus filtration houses built by midwater giant larvaceans.


Many animals build complex structures to aid in their survival, but very few are built exclusively from materials that animals create (1,2). In the midwaters of the ocean, mucoid structures are readily secreted by numerous animals, and serve many vital functions(3,4). However, little is known about these mucoid structures owing to the challenges of observing them in the deep sea. Among these mucoid forms, the '  houses'  of larvaceans are marvels of nature(5), and in the ocean twilight zone giant larvaceans secrete and build mucus filtering structures that can reach diameters of more than 1 m(6). Here we describe in situ laser-imaging technology(7) that reconstructs three-dimensional models of mucus forms. The models provide high-resolution views of giant larvacean houses and elucidate the role that house structure has in food capture and predator avoidance. Now that tools exist to study mucus structures found throughout the ocean, we can shed light on some of nature'  s most complex forms.


  
Archimedean lattices emerge in template-directed eutectic solidification 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7790) : 355-+
作者:  Subbaraman, Nidhi;  Viglione, Giuliana
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Template-directed assembly has been shown to yield a broad diversity of highly ordered mesostructures(1),(2), which in a few cases exhibit symmetries not present in the native material(3-5). However, this technique has not yet been applied to eutectic materials, which underpin many modern technologies ranging from high-performance turbine blades to solder alloys. Here we use directional solidification of a simple AgCl-KCl lamellar eutectic material within a pillar template to show that interactions of the material with the template lead to the emergence of a set of microstructures that are distinct from the eutectic'  s native lamellar structure and the template'  s hexagonal lattice structure. By modifying the solidification rate of this material-template system, trefoil, quatrefoil, cinquefoil and hexafoil mesostructures with submicrometre-size features are realized. Phase-field simulations suggest that these mesostructures appear owing to constraints imposed on diffusion by the hexagonally arrayed pillar template. We note that the trefoil and hexafoil patterns resemble Archimedean honeycomb and square-hexagonal-dodecagonal lattices(6), respectively. We also find that by using monolayer colloidal crystals as templates, a variety of eutectic mesostructures including trefoil and hexafoil are observed, the former resembling the Archimedean kagome lattice. Potential emerging applications for the structures provided by templated eutectics include non-reciprocal metasurfaces(7), magnetic spin-ice systems(8,9), and micro- and nano-lattices with enhanced mechanical properties(10,11).


  
Predicting spatial and temporal variability in crop yields: an inter-comparison of machine learning, regression and process-based models 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2020, 15 (4)
作者:  Leng, Guoyong;  Hall, Jim W.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
climate change  crop yield  machine learning  statistical model  crop model  
Kenyan tea is made with heat and water: how will climate change influence its yield? 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2020, 15 (4)
作者:  Rigden, A. J.;  Ongoma, V;  Huybers, P.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
tea yield  agriculture  climate change  water balance  soil moisture  
Water Resources as Determinants for Foreign Direct Investments in Land - A Gravity Analysis of Foreign Land Acquisitions 期刊论文
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, 2020, 170
作者:  Hirsch, Cornelius;  Krisztin, Tamas;  See, Linda
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
FDI  Foreign Land Acquisition  Bilateral Trade Agreements  Water Resources  Precipitation  Yield Gap  Gravity model  PPML  ZIP  
A regional nuclear conflict would compromise global food security 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (13) : 7071-7081
作者:  Jaegermeyr, Jonas;  Robock, Alan;  Elliott, Joshua;  Mueller, Christoph;  Xia, Lili;  Khabarov, Nikolay;  Folberth, Christian;  Schmid, Erwin;  Liu, Wenfeng;  Zabel, Florian;  Rabin, Sam S.;  Puma, Michael J.;  Heslin, Alison;  Franke, James;  Foster, Ian;  Asseng, Senthold;  Bardeen, Charles G.;  Toon, Owen B.;  Rosenzweig, Cynthia
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
food system shock  multiple breadbasket failure  cold temperature yield response  India-Pakistan conflict  global gridded crop model intercomparison (GGCMI)  
Climate change and agriculture in the Sudan: Impact pathways beyond changes in mean rainfall and temperature 期刊论文
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, 2020, 169
作者:  Siddig, Khalid;  Stepanyan, Davit;  Wiebelt, Manfred;  Grethe, Harald;  Zhu, Tingju
收藏  |  浏览/下载:6/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Global climate change  Local yield changes  The Sudan  Climate variability  Interventions  
Natural insurance as condition for market insurance: Climate change adaptation in agriculture 期刊论文
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, 2020, 169
作者:  Jorgensen, Sisse Liv;  Termansen, Mette;  Pascual, Unai
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Natural insurance  Market insurance  Yield insurance  index insurance  Choice experiments  Latent class  Risk mitigation  Sustainable soil management