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海洋中微塑料监测技术取得新进展 快报文章
资源环境快报,2022年第12期
作者:  吴秀平
Microsoft Word(21Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:618/0  |  提交时间:2022/07/01
Microplastics  Spatial Distribution  Indian Ocean  
PNAS:印度洋变暖或削弱南亚夏季降水 快报文章
资源环境快报,2022年第05期
作者:  薛明媚,吴秀平
Microsoft Word(13Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:707/0  |  提交时间:2022/03/16
Indian Ocean  South Asian Monsoon  Rainfall  
国际组织为实现全球生物多样性框架目标提出了8个建议 快报文章
资源环境快报,2021年第15期
作者:  董利苹
Microsoft Word(18Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:493/0  |  提交时间:2021/08/16
Western Indian Ocean  Marine Protected Areas  Global Biodiversity Framework Targets  
美国科学家研究评估印度洋水循环加剧成因 快报文章
资源环境快报,2021年第15期
作者:  薛明媚,王金平
Microsoft Word(16Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:469/1  |  提交时间:2021/08/16
Indian Ocean  Heat  Hydrological Cycle  
印度洋的异常变暖会引起长江洪水泛滥 快报文章
资源环境快报,2021年第6期
作者:  薛明媚,王金平
Microsoft Word(15Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:453/0  |  提交时间:2021/03/31
Indian Ocean  Yangtze Flooding  Warming  
Recycling and metabolic flexibility dictate life in the lower oceanic crust 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7798) : 250-+
作者:  Zhou, Peng;  Yang, Xing-Lou;  Wang, Xian-Guang;  Hu, Ben;  Zhang, Lei;  Zhang, Wei;  Si, Hao-Rui;  Zhu, Yan;  Li, Bei;  Huang, Chao-Lin;  Chen, Hui-Dong;  Chen, Jing;  Luo, Yun;  Guo, Hua;  Jiang, Ren-Di;  Liu, Mei-Qin;  Chen, Ying;  Shen, Xu-Rui;  Wang, Xi;  Zheng, Xiao-Shuang;  Zhao, Kai;  Chen, Quan-Jiao;  Deng, Fei;  Liu, Lin-Lin;  Yan, Bing;  Zhan, Fa-Xian;  Wang, Yan-Yi;  Xiao, Geng-Fu;  Shi, Zheng-Li
收藏  |  浏览/下载:37/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

The lithified lower oceanic crust is one of Earth'  s last biological frontiers as it is difficult to access. It is challenging for microbiota that live in marine subsurface sediments or igneous basement to obtain sufficient carbon resources and energy to support growth(1-3) or to meet basal power requirements(4) during periods of resource scarcity. Here we show how limited and unpredictable sources of carbon and energy dictate survival strategies used by low-biomass microbial communities that live 10-750 m below the seafloor at Atlantis Bank, Indian Ocean, where Earth'  s lower crust is exposed at the seafloor. Assays of enzyme activities, lipid biomarkers, marker genes and microscopy indicate heterogeneously distributed and viable biomass with ultralow cell densities (fewer than 2,000 cells per cm(3)). Expression of genes involved in unexpected heterotrophic processes includes those with a role in the degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, use of polyhydroxyalkanoates as carbon-storage molecules and recycling of amino acids to produce compounds that can participate in redox reactions and energy production. Our study provides insights into how microorganisms in the plutonic crust are able to survive within fractures or porous substrates by coupling sources of energy to organic and inorganic carbon resources that are probably delivered through the circulation of subseafloor fluids or seawater.


  
Coupling of Indo-Pacific climate variability over the last millennium 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020
作者:  Chow, Brian W.;  Nunez, Vicente;  Kaplan, Luke;  Granger, Adam J.;  Bistrong, Karina;  Zucker, Hannah L.;  Kumar, Payal;  Sabatini, Bernardo L.;  Gu, Chenghua
收藏  |  浏览/下载:34/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Coral records indicate that the variability of the Indian Ocean Dipole over the last millennium is strongly coupled to variability in the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and that recent extremes are unusual but not unprecedented.


The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) affects climate and rainfall across the world, and most severely in nations surrounding the Indian Ocean(1-4). The frequency and intensity of positive IOD events increased during the twentieth century(5) and may continue to intensify in a warming world(6). However, confidence in predictions of future IOD change is limited by known biases in IOD models(7) and the lack of information on natural IOD variability before anthropogenic climate change. Here we use precisely dated and highly resolved coral records from the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, where the signature of IOD variability is strong and unambiguous, to produce a semi-continuous reconstruction of IOD variability that covers five centuries of the last millennium. Our reconstruction demonstrates that extreme positive IOD events were rare before 1960. However, the most extreme event on record (1997) is not unprecedented, because at least one event that was approximately 27 to 42 per cent larger occurred naturally during the seventeenth century. We further show that a persistent, tight coupling existed between the variability of the IOD and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation during the last millennium. Indo-Pacific coupling was characterized by weak interannual variability before approximately 1590, which probably altered teleconnection patterns, and by anomalously strong variability during the seventeenth century, which was associated with societal upheaval in tropical Asia. A tendency towards clustering of positive IOD events is evident in our reconstruction, which-together with the identification of extreme IOD variability and persistent tropical Indo-Pacific climate coupling-may have implications for improving seasonal and decadal predictions and managing the climate risks of future IOD variability.


  
Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020
作者:  Kim, Eugene;  Kerssemakers, Jacob;  Shaltiel, Indra A.;  Haering, Christian H.;  Dekker, Cees
收藏  |  浏览/下载:19/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Tracking data from 17 marine predator species in the Southern Ocean are used to identify Areas of Ecological Significance, the protection of which could help to mitigate increasing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.


Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change(1,2). Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40 degrees S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.


  
Multi-century tree-ring precipitation record reveals increasing frequency of extreme dry events in the upper Blue Nile River catchment 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2017, 23 (12)
作者:  Mokria, Mulugeta;  Gebrekirstos, Aster;  Abiyu, Abrham;  Van Noordwijk, Meine;  Braeuning, Achim
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
climate variability  dendroclimatology  East Africa  El Nino-Southern Oscillation  extreme events  famine and flooding  Indian ocean dipole  Little Ice Age