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An in vivo approach to identify proteins whose enrichment near cardiac Ca(V)1.2 channels changes upon beta-adrenergic stimulation finds the G protein Rad, which is phosphorylated by protein kinase A, thereby relieving channel inhibition by Rad and causing an increased Ca2+ current.

Increased cardiac contractility during the fight-or-flight response is caused by beta-adrenergic augmentation of Ca(V)1.2 voltage-gated calcium channels(1-4). However, this augmentation persists in transgenic murine hearts expressing mutant Ca(V)1.2 alpha(1C) and beta subunits that can no longer be phosphorylated by protein kinase A-an essential downstream mediator of beta-adrenergic signalling-suggesting that non-channel factors are also required. Here we identify the mechanism by which beta-adrenergic agonists stimulate voltage-gated calcium channels. We express alpha(1C) or beta(2B) subunits conjugated to ascorbate peroxidase(5) in mouse hearts, and use multiplexed quantitative proteomics(6,7) to track hundreds of proteins in the proximity of Ca(V)1.2. We observe that the calcium-channel inhibitor Rad(8,9), a monomeric G protein, is enriched in the Ca(V)1.2 microenvironment but is depleted during beta-adrenergic stimulation. Phosphorylation by protein kinase A of specific serine residues on Rad decreases its affinity for beta subunits and relieves constitutive inhibition of Ca(V)1.2, observed as an increase in channel open probability. Expression of Rad or its homologue Rem in HEK293T cells also imparts stimulation of Ca(V)1.3 and Ca(V)2.2 by protein kinase A, revealing an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that confers adrenergic modulation upon voltage-gated calcium channels.