The Evolution of Bacterial Mutualism with Eukaryotic Hosts

GSTDTAP

项目编号	NE/M018016/1
	The Evolution of Bacterial Mutualism with Eukaryotic Hosts
	[unavailable]
主持机构	Queen Mary, University of London
项目开始年	2016
	2016-03-31
项目结束日期	2021-03-30
资助机构	UK-NERC
项目类别	Fellowship
国家	英国
语种	英语
英文摘要	Bacteria: friend or foe? All plants and animals share some form of intimate relationship with bacteria. Although we often focus on harmful bacteria that cause diseases, recent research has shown that many bacteria that live within animals are actually beneficial. Whether this is the light-producing bacteria that live within fireflies that help them attract mates to the 100 trillion bacterial cells that live within our guts that aid in digestion, beneficial microbes are both ever-present and important to all organisms on the planet. My research explores how animals form beneficial relationships with symbiotic microbes by asking: What are the factors that produce stable mutually beneficial unions between animals and microbes, and what cause these relationships to break down? To answer these questions I focus on a single group of organisms that have evolved fascinating relationships with microbes, insects. Insects are host to a diverse community of symbiotic microbes that have profound effects on their biology. These effects include, protecting insects from natural enemies, such as parasitic wasp and pathogenic fungus, providing insects with protection against heat stress and assist insects in gaining nutrients. A peculiar feature of these helpful microbes is that only certain populations of insects have them, whereas others do not. In addition, only certain bacterial strains provide benefits to their insect hosts whereas others do not. This natural variation presents a perfect opportunity to ask questions such as: why do certain populations of insect hosts contain beneficial microbes whereas others do not? And, why do only some of the symbiotic microbes provide benefits to insects, and how does the loss of beneficial function impact their relationship with their host? To answer these questions I use modern DNA technology that allow me to identity factors that influence beneficial microbial functions at a molecular level, as well as explore the evolution of host-microbe relationships over millions of years. The application of these modern techniques to the intriguing variation in the bacterial symbionts of insects provides a general understanding of the factors that maintain and degrade beneficial relationships with bacteria in all plants and animals. Host-microbe relationships are everywhere in nature, and understanding the factors that maintain and degrade these relationships has important implications in both agriculture and health. My research will not only provide novel insight into the gain and loss of beneficial traits in bacteria, but also has great potential in understanding the gain and loss of harmful traits in bacterial pathogens. Of more immediate application, my research can lead to practical solutions for managing insect pests in agriculture and those that vector major human diseases. Pesticides were common solutions to deal with pests, however there is strong pressure to reduce pesticide use to moderate our reliance on environmental harmful chemicals. Many insect pests have evolved mutualistic relationships with symbiotic bacteria such as, Triatoma bugs that vector Chagas disease, tsetse fly that vector sleeping sickness, cereal weevils that devastates crops around the world, and all sap sucking insects. Research to exploit the relationship between bacteria and insect hosts for the biological control of pests, termed Symbiont-Based Control Strategies, is a preferred strategy to chemical control due to the reduced environmental impact. My research is a critical first step in advancing our understanding of insect-bacteria relationships in many pest species, by revealing both the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria and hosts interact, as well as the conditions that promote stable relationships between bacteria and host. The knowledge from this research can be used to help develop practical solutions for managing pests in agriculture, forestry and those that vector major human diseases.
来源学科分类	Natural Environment Research
文献类型	项目
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/86072
专题	环境与发展全球科技态势
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	[unavailable].The Evolution of Bacterial Mutualism with Eukaryotic Hosts.2016.