The Effect of Ionospheric Models on Electromagnetic Pulse Locations

doi:10.2172/1136094

GSTDTAP > 地球科学

DOI	10.2172/1136094
报告编号	LA-UR-14-24917
来源ID	OSTI ID: 1136094
	The Effect of Ionospheric Models on Electromagnetic Pulse Locations
	Fenimore, Edward E.; Triplett, Laurie A.
	2014-07-01
出版年	2014
语种	英语
国家	美国
领域	地球科学
英文摘要	Locations of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) determined by time-of-arrival (TOA) often have outliers with significantly larger errors than expected. In the past, these errors were thought to arise from high order terms in the Appleton-Hartree equation. We simulated 1000 events randomly spread around the Earth into a constellation of 22 GPS satellites. We used four different ionospheres: âsimpleâ where the time delay goes as the inverse of the frequency-squared, âfull Appleton-Hartreeâ, the âBobRD integralsâ and a full raytracing code. The simple and full Appleton-Hartree ionospheres do not show outliers whereas the BobRD and raytracing do. This strongly suggests that the cause of the outliers is not additional terms in the Appleton-Hartree equation, but rather is due to the additional path length due to refraction. A method to fix the outliers is suggested based on fitting a time to the delays calculated at the 5 GPS frequencies with BobRD and simple ionospheres. The difference in time is used as a correction to the TOAs.
英文关键词	IONOSPHERE
URL	查看原文
来源平台	US Department of Energy (DOE)
引用统计
文献类型	科技报告
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/6736
专题	地球科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Fenimore, Edward E.,Triplett, Laurie A.. The Effect of Ionospheric Models on Electromagnetic Pulse Locations,2014.