Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
Menstrual health and hygiene empowers women and girls: How to ensure we get it right | |
admin | |
2021-05-28 | |
发布年 | 2021 |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | 国际 |
领域 | 资源环境 |
正文(英文) | Getting this right is important. We can see the consequences of failing to do so:
Not only do the impacts cut across sectors – evidence shows that the solutions most likely to reduce school drop-out rates and enhance female empowerment are those that combine Sexual and Reproductive Health Education, with appropriate sanitary infrastructure, and the availability of sustainable and affordable menstrual products, in an enabling policy environment. Within the World Bank, a multi-sectoral MHH Working Group comprising the Water GP (Global Practice), Gender Group, Education GP, Global Financing Facility, Finance Competitiveness and Innovation GP, and Health GP, came together to learn from academia, external partners and entrepreneurs how to advance these types of holistic approaches to MHH in World Bank operations. For example, one study showed that the provision of menstrual cups reduced adolescent girls drop-out rates from 4% to 1%, decreased B. vaginosis by 41% compared to the control, and reduced (self-reported) transactional sex (noting that a majority of teenage drop-outs are pregnancy related).[6] In addition, as a multi-billion dollar industry, menstrual products not only provide important entry points for the generation of female employment, but also for providing messaging and links to hotlines and counseling for reproductive health, gender based violence prevention, and reducing stigma, as one entrepreneur in East Africa (Nia, Zana Africa) did. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the entrepreneur reported an uptick in the use of these referral hotlines. The integration of Sexual and Reproductive Health Education with the provision of sanitary infrastructure that offers privacy, water, soap for handwashing, and appropriate waste bins together with menstrual products can boost adolescent girls’ confidence and reduce drop-out rates. And completion of school increases girls’ earnings and formal employment and overall gross national product (GNP) –Kenya’s GNP, for example, would grow by 3.2 billion a year if all girls were to graduate from school.[7] An outcome of this process is the MHH Resource Package for water and sanitation professionals, published on Menstrual Hygiene Day today, to bring together available knowledge on effective approaches to designing MHH ( ). We are already seeing tangible impact of this approach. In Mozambique, as part of the Urban Sanitation Project and COVID-19 support, the World Bank is financing a set of interventions aimed at ensuring safe return to school. The interventions include water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities in 165 schools, benefiting 157,000 students. But they go beyond infrastructure to include sanitary pads, soap as well as menstrual education. – from something that kept them out of school because of embarrassment, fear of teasing, and lack of menstrual products to something they can now manage safely and confidently in school during this very difficult pandemic year.
[1] For 2019; https://washdata.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/jmp-2020-wash-schools.pdf . In 2019, 43%o of schools had either limited (access to water, but no soap) or no hygiene facilities on premises. [2] See Opportunities International Australia. “Everything You Need to Know About Period Poverty.” (May 27, 2020). [3] Eijk, Anna Maria van, Kayla F. Laserson, Elizabeth Nyothach, Kelvin Oruko, Jackton Omoto, Linda Mason, Kelly Alexander, et al. “Use of Menstrual Cups among School Girls: Longitudinal Observations Nested in a Randomised Controlled Feasibility Study in Rural Western Kenya.” Reproductive Health 15, no. 1 (December 2018): 139. [4] Eijk, Anna Maria van, Garazi Zulaika, Madeline Lenchner, Linda Mason, Muthusamy Sivakami, Elizabeth Nyothach, Holger Unger, Kayla Laserson, and Penelope A Phillips-Howard. “Menstrual Cup Use, Leakage, Acceptability, Safety, and Availability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” The Lancet Public Health 4, no. 8 (August 2019): e376–93. [5] Management of Menstrual Waste. http://www.path.org/publications/files/ ID_mhm_mens_waste_man.pdf [6] Source: Phillip- Howard Presentation, 2020 (van Eijk et al Reproductive Health; 15:139, 2018; Juma et al BMJ Open; 0:e015429, 2017; Phillips-Howard et al BMJ Open; 6(11):e013229. 2016; Mason et al Waterlines; 34:1, 2015 Benshaul-Tolonen A et al, CDEP-CGEC Working Paper No 74, 2019; Babagoli MA, Benshaul-Tolonen A, et al. CDEP‐CGEG Working Paper No 87, 2020) [7] Chaaban, Jad, and Wendy Cunningham. Measuring the Economic Gain of Investing in Girls: The Girl Effect Dividend. Policy Research Working Papers. The World Bank, 2011. |
URL | 查看原文 |
来源平台 | World Bank Blogs |
文献类型 | 新闻 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/328387 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | admin. Menstrual health and hygiene empowers women and girls: How to ensure we get it right. 2021. |
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