Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops

doi:10.1126/science.abe1148

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abe1148
	Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops
	Ralf Schulz; Sascha Bub; Lara L. Petschick; Sebastian Stehle; Jakob Wolfram
	2021-04-02
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	In 1962, Rachel Carson's Silent Spring was published, and the world was forced to take notice of the unintended impacts of pesticides on wildlife. Since then, there has been a perceived reduction in the amount of pesticides used and a shift in the kinds of pesticides available. Schulz et al. looked at the type, amount, and toxicity of pesticides applied over the last 25 years. They found that despite decreasing total amounts applied and decreased impacts on vertebrates, toxicity—in particular to insects and aquatic invertebrates—has increased substantially. Science , this issue p. [81][1] Pesticide impacts are usually discussed in the context of applied amounts while disregarding the large but environmentally relevant variations in substance-specific toxicity. Here, we systemically interpret changes in the use of 381 pesticides over 25 years by considering 1591 substance-specific acute toxicity threshold values for eight nontarget species groups. We find that the toxicity of applied insecticides to aquatic invertebrates and pollinators has increased considerably—in sharp contrast to the applied amount—and that this increase has been driven by highly toxic pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, respectively. We also report increasing applied toxicity to aquatic invertebrates and pollinators in genetically modified (GM) corn and to terrestrial plants in herbicide-tolerant soybeans since approximately 2010. Our results challenge the claims of a decrease in the environmental impacts of pesticide use. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abe1148
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
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文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/321140
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ralf Schulz,Sascha Bub,Lara L. Petschick,et al. Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Ralf Schulz,Sascha Bub,Lara L. Petschick,Sebastian Stehle,&Jakob Wolfram.(2021).Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops.Science.
MLA	Ralf Schulz,et al."Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops".Science (2021).