| 英文摘要 | The Yangtze finless porpoise ( Neophocaena asiaeorientalis ), one of the 13 flagship global species recognized by the World Wildlife Fund ([ 1 ][1]), has been officially upgraded to first-class status under the framework of the National Wildlife Protection Act in China ([ 2 ][2]). This action, coupled with a series of initiatives to protect the environment of the Yangtze River ([ 3 ][3]), will hopefully help double the current wild population within a decade ([ 4 ][4]). However, the funding and penalties provided by protected status are not enough. China must take further action to make protection a reality.
The 1000 finless porpoises alive today are the last of a species that has existed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for over 2.5 million years ([ 4 ][4]). The only Neophocaena species living in fresh water and endemic to that river, the Yangtze finless porpoise—whose close kin, the baiji ( Lipotes vexillifer ), has been extinct since 2007 ([ 5 ][5])—is Critically Endangered as a result of changes to their natural habitat and foraging areas by industrialization and human activities along the Yangtze River ([ 6 ][6], [ 7 ][7]). Finless porpoises have suffered lasting damages to their immune and reproduction systems by eating fish that have eaten plankton polluted by industrial chemicals and sewage ([ 8 ][8]). Because the habitat and foraging areas of the finless porpoises are close to riverbanks and estuary regions, the porpoises often compete directly with shipping, industrial, and agricultural activities, complicating efforts to preserve their habitat ([ 9 ][9], [ 10 ][10]). In riverside metropolises like Wuhan, the Yangtze finless porpoises share urban waters with the city's residents.
The promotion of this scientifically, ecologically, and culturally valuable species to first-class endangered status is a step forward, but additional action must follow. The porpoise's water quality and sound environment should be improved ([ 11 ][11]). Comprehensive deterrents and penalties should be put in place for polluting or degrading their habitat. Conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise should include policies similar to China's recently implemented 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River: Preservation areas should be established, and fishermen should be directed to avoid fishing in the porpoise's habitat ([ 12 ][12]). Given the traditional proximity of the Yangtze finless porpoise's habitat to human activities, innovative programs should incentivize local residents to observe and protect the species, especially in the urban watersheds of the Yangtze River.
1. [↵][13]World Wildlife Fund, “WWF annual marine flagship species highlights” (2021); .
2. [↵][14]“Yangtze finless porpoise, etc. are promoted to national first-class protected wildlife,” Teller Report (2021).
3. [↵][15]“China races to rescue rare Yangtze finless porpoise,” Xinhuanet (2020).
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8. [↵][25]1. P. D. Jepson,
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