Convergent evolution of pain-inducing defensive venom components in spitting cobras

doi:10.1126/science.abb9303

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abb9303
	Convergent evolution of pain-inducing defensive venom components in spitting cobras
	T. D. Kazandjian; D. Petras; S. D. Robinson; J. van Thiel; H. W. Greene; K. Arbuckle; A. Barlow; D. A. Carter; R. M. Wouters; G. Whiteley; S. C. Wagstaff; A. S. Arias; L.-O. Albulescu; A. Plettenberg Laing; C. Hall; A. Heap; S. Penrhyn-Lowe; C. V. McCabe; S. Ainsworth; R. R. da Silva; P. C. Dorrestein; M. K. Richardson; J. M. Gutiérrez; J. J. Calvete; R. A. Harrison; I. Vetter; E. A. B. Undheim; W. Wüster; N. R. Casewell
	2021-01-22
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	Venom in snakes is largely used to subdue and/or kill prey, and most venoms have clear actions that facilitate death or paralysis. In one group of snakes, however, venom has evolved and shifted from predation to protection. Specifically, in three different lineages of “spitting” snakes, venom is used to deter predators. Kazandjian et al. show that similar adaptions have occurred within these lineages that transform cytotoxic components into a mixture that acts on mammalian sensory neurons and causes pain. The authors argue that increased predation on these lineages led to similar shifts in venom function. Science , this issue p. [386][1] Convergent evolution provides insights into the selective drivers underlying evolutionary change. Snake venoms, with a direct genetic basis and clearly defined functional phenotype, provide a model system for exploring the repeated evolution of adaptations. While snakes use venom primarily for predation, and venom composition often reflects diet specificity, three lineages of cobras have independently evolved the ability to spit venom at adversaries. Using gene, protein, and functional analyses, we show that the three spitting lineages possess venoms characterized by an up-regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) toxins, which potentiate the action of preexisting venom cytotoxins to activate mammalian sensory neurons and cause enhanced pain. These repeated independent changes provide a fascinating example of convergent evolution across multiple phenotypic levels driven by selection for defense. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abb9303
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
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文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/312365
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	T. D. Kazandjian,D. Petras,S. D. Robinson,et al. Convergent evolution of pain-inducing defensive venom components in spitting cobras[J]. Science,2021.
APA	T. D. Kazandjian.,D. Petras.,S. D. Robinson.,J. van Thiel.,H. W. Greene.,...&N. R. Casewell.(2021).Convergent evolution of pain-inducing defensive venom components in spitting cobras.Science.
MLA	T. D. Kazandjian,et al."Convergent evolution of pain-inducing defensive venom components in spitting cobras".Science (2021).