Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.5194/acp-17-2311-2017 |
Long-lived contrails and convective cirrus above the tropical tropopause | |
Schumann, Ulrich1; 39;Amato, Francesco2 | |
2017-02-14 | |
发表期刊 | ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS |
ISSN | 1680-7316 |
EISSN | 1680-7324 |
出版年 | 2017 |
卷号 | 17期号:3 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Germany; Italy; Switzerland; Australia |
英文摘要 | This study has two objectives: (1) it characterizes contrails at very low temperatures and (2) it discusses convective cirrus in which the contrails occurred. (1) Long-lived contrails and cirrus from overshooting convection are investigated above the tropical tropopause at low temperatures down to -88 degrees C from measurements with the Russian high-altitude research aircraft M-55 "Geophysica", as well as related observations during the SCOUT-O3 field experiment near Darwin, Australia, in 2005. A contrail was observed to persist below ice saturation at low temperatures and low turbulence in the stratosphere for nearly 1 h. The contrail occurred downwind of the decaying convective system "Hector" of 16 November 2005. The upper part of the contrail formed at 19 km altitude in the tropical lower stratosphere at similar to 60% relative humidity over ice at -82 degrees C. The similar to 1 h lifetime is explained by engine water emissions, slightly enhanced humidity from Hector, low temperature, low turbulence, and possibly nitric acid hydrate formation. The long persistence suggests large contrail coverage in case of a potential future increase of air traffic in the lower stratosphere. (2) Cirrus observed above the strongly convective Hector cloud on 30 November 2005 was previously interpreted as cirrus from overshooting convection. Here we show that parts of the cirrus were caused by contrails or are mixtures of convective and contrail cirrus. The in situ data together with data from an upward-looking lidar on the German research aircraft "Falcon", the CPOL radar near Darwin, and NOAA-AVHRR satellites provide a sufficiently complete picture to distinguish between contrail and convective cirrus parts. Plume positions are estimated based on measured or analyzed wind and parameterized wake vortex descent. Most of the non-volatile aerosol measured over Hector is traceable to aircraft emissions. Exhaust emission indices are derived from a self-match experiment of the Geophysica in the polar stratosphere in 2010. The number of ice particles in the contrails is less than 1% of the number of non-volatile aerosol particles, possibly because of sublimation losses and undetected very small ice particles. The radar data show that the ice water content in convective overshoots is far higher than measured along the flight path. These findings add insight into overshooting convection and are of relevance with respect to hydration of the lower stratosphere. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000395118000006 |
WOS关键词 | IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS ; ICE WATER-CONTENT ; AIRCRAFT EXHAUST PLUMES ; LOWER STRATOSPHERE ; VAPOR MEASUREMENTS ; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES ; RADAR REFLECTIVITY ; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS ; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY ; JET AIRCRAFT |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/30441 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Inst Phys Atmosphere, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 2.Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, Mainz, Germany; 3.Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany; 4.Ist Nazl Ottica, CNR, Florence, Italy; 5.Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforschung IEK 7, Julich, Germany; 6.Univ Neuchatel, Lab Temps Frequence, Neuchatel, Switzerland; 7.Australian Bur Meteorol, Res & Dev Branch, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; 8.Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Wuppertal, Germany |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Schumann, Ulrich,39;Amato, Francesco. Long-lived contrails and convective cirrus above the tropical tropopause[J]. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,2017,17(3). |
APA | Schumann, Ulrich,&39;Amato, Francesco.(2017).Long-lived contrails and convective cirrus above the tropical tropopause.ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,17(3). |
MLA | Schumann, Ulrich,et al."Long-lived contrails and convective cirrus above the tropical tropopause".ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 17.3(2017). |
条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 |
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