Adapt taxonomy to conservation goals

doi:10.1126/science.abd7717

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abd7717
	Adapt taxonomy to conservation goals
	Darren P. O'Connell; David J. Kelly; Kangkuso Analuddin; Adi Karya; Nicola M. Marples; Thomas E. Martin
	2020-09-04
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2020
英文摘要	As the sixth mass extinction of species continues to unfold ([ 1 ][1]), cataloguing uncharted biodiversity to ensure efficient conservation efforts becomes ever more important ([ 2 ][2]). Taxonomists and biodiversity scientists are addressing this challenge with the help of technological leaps forward in molecular biology and digital archiving ([ 3 ][3]). However, increasing restrictions on the permits required to collect specimens complicate their efforts ([ 4 ][4]). The difficulties inherent in collecting a required type specimen (an individual that serves as a reference) can delay species identification, and vital conservation action often cannot take place until the species is protected by name ([ 5 ][5], [ 6 ][6]). Formalization of criteria to describe a species without a type specimen would expedite necessary conservation efforts and enforcement. The problems collecting type specimens are particularly pertinent to taxa facing imminent conservation threats, such as the birds of Southeast Asia, which are threatened by a vigorous pet trade ([ 7 ][7]). Difficulties in procuring type specimens have left observed but unidentified species without formal recognition for years ([ 8 ][8]–[ 10 ][9]). This gap between initial recognition and formal description may even heighten conservation pressure, as species can become targets of traders yet receive no legislative protection ([ 10 ][9]). Without a formal description, a species cannot typically be officially considered at risk; thus, their trade is not necessarily illegal, regardless of the extinction risk they face ([ 6 ][6]). While it is technically possible to describe a species without a type specimen ([ 4 ][4]), it is rare and not widely accepted by expert bodies. Taxon experts could help by providing standardized guidelines designating the acceptable alternative evidence, potentially including DNA barcodes, photographs, recordings, and measurements. Making such allowances would facilitate streamlined species description where conservation peril is real, while maintaining high taxonomic standards ([ 3 ][3], [ 11 ][10]). Specimen collection remains an essential tool ([ 12 ][11]) and should always be the “gold standard,” but it must not serve as an obstacle to urgent conservation efforts. 1. [↵][12]1. G. Ceballos et al ., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, E6089 (2017). [OpenUrl][13][Abstract/FREE Full Text][14] 2. [↵][15]1. M. J. Costello et al ., Conserv. Biol. 29, 1094 (2015). [OpenUrl][16] 3. [↵][17]1. M. J. Costello et al ., Science 339, 413 (2013). [OpenUrl][18][Abstract/FREE Full Text][19] 4. [↵][20]1. F.-T. Krell et al ., Insect Syst. Divers. 1, 3 (2017). [OpenUrl][21] 5. [↵][22]International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK, ed. 4, 1999). 6. [↵][23]International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), “Taxonomic sources: Taxa included on the IUCN Red List” (IUCN Red List, version 2020-2, 2020); [www.iucnredlist.org/resources/tax-sources][24]. 7. [↵][25]1. H. Marshall et al ., Biol. Conserv. 241, 108237 (2020). [OpenUrl][26] 8. [↵][27]1. F. E. Rheindt et al ., Science 367, 167 (2020). [OpenUrl][28][Abstract/FREE Full Text][29] 9. 1. M. Irham et al ., J. Ornithol. 161, 313 (2020). [OpenUrl][30] 10. [↵][31]1. D. P. O'Connell et al ., Raffles Bull. Zool. 68, 574 (2020). [OpenUrl][32] 11. [↵][33]1. V. Nazari, 2. D. Yanega , Nature 546, 210 (2017). [OpenUrl][34] 12. [↵][35]1. L. A. Rocha et al ., Science 344, 814 (2014). 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领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
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文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/293255
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Darren P. O'Connell,David J. Kelly,Kangkuso Analuddin,et al. Adapt taxonomy to conservation goals[J]. Science,2020.
APA	Darren P. O'Connell,David J. Kelly,Kangkuso Analuddin,Adi Karya,Nicola M. Marples,&Thomas E. Martin.(2020).Adapt taxonomy to conservation goals.Science.
MLA	Darren P. O'Connell,et al."Adapt taxonomy to conservation goals".Science (2020).