Environmental conditions such as sea surface temperature and the occurrence of cold water upwelling events drive the structure of interaction networks in marine intertidal communities via their effects on species richness, according to new research.
In a paper published by Ecology, Swansea University's Dr Miguel Lurgi paired up with researchers from the Coastal Marine Research station in Chile, who compiled data of species composition and three types of ecological interactions occurring between species in rocky intertidal communities across 970km of shoreline of the South American Pacific coast. They analysed the environmental drivers of the structure of networks of ecological interactions between species in marine intertidal communities.
The team calculated a suite of properties across networks of different ecological interaction types: trophic, competitive, and positive (e.g. mutualistic). Using these network properties, they then investigated potential environmental drivers of this multivariate network organisation. These included variation in sea surface temperature and coastal upwelling, the main drivers of productivity in nearshore waters.
Their results suggest that structural properties of multiplex ecological networks are affected by the number of species in the community and modulated by abiotic factors influencing productivity and environmental predictability, such as cold water upwelling events and long-term averages of sea surface temperature.
These effects are stronger on non-trophic negative ecological interactions, such as competition for space among organisms, than on the ecological relationships between consumers and their resources.
These findings highlight the need for a more complete understanding of the geographical variability of ecological interactions and the networks they form if researchers aim to predict the potential effects of environmental changes on ecological communities.
Dr Miguel Lurgi, a lecturer in biosciences at Swansea University and an author of the research said:
"It is quite exciting that for the first time we get a complete picture of the environmental drivers of the organisation of multiplex ecological networks in marine intertidal communities. Furthermore, our work highlights the directionality of these changes.
"This information is very valuable to predict the effects of environmental change on the organisation of natural communities."
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