Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1130/B31905.1 |
Subplinian monogenetic basaltic eruption of Sunset Crater, Arizona, USA | |
Alfano, Fabrizio1; Ort, Michael H.2; Pioli, Laura3; Self, Stephen4; Hanson, Sarah L.5; Roggensack, Kurt1; Allison, Chelsea M.1; Amos, Robert6; Clarke, Amanda B.1 | |
2019-03-01 | |
发表期刊 | GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN
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ISSN | 0016-7606 |
EISSN | 1943-2674 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 131页码:661-674 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; Switzerland |
英文摘要 | Sunset Crater volcano, located similar to 25 km northeast of downtown Flagstaff (Arizona, USA) in the San Francisco volcanic field, represents an interesting case of highly explosive monogenetic volcanism. Sunset Crater is a young (ca. 1085 CE) scoria cone, similar to 290 m high, that produced 0.52 km(3) dense rock equivalent (DRE) of basaltic magma (0.16, 0.12, and 0.24 km(3) DRE for the scoria cone, lava flows, and tephra deposit, respectively). The activity developed in three distinct phases: an initial fissure phase, followed by a highly explosive phase, and a final low-explosivity waning phase. The first phase was characterized by the opening of a 10-kmlong fissure, which produced the Gyp Crater spatter mounds and the Vent 512 lava flow similar to 10 km SE of the main scoria cone, followed by lava fountaining activity that produced the first tephra layer (unit 1, 0.01 km(3) DRE). During the second highly explosive phase, the activity migrated to the northwest to evolve into a single-vent eruption, which formed the main scoria cone. The central vent activity was initially characterized by variable eruptive styles, which started the process of cone building, including deposition of a second tephra layer (unit 2, 0.01 km(3) DRE), and the effusion of the two main lava flows (Bonito and Kana'a). Following the initiation of effusive activity, the eruption increased in explosivity to produce three subplinian tephra layers from the central vent (units 3, 4, and 5), which emitted more than 0.22 km(3) DRE of basalt, with associated eruption columns >20 km high. By the end of this phase, the Kana'a lava flow was almost completely emplaced, but the Bonito flow continued to grow, forming a 3-km-diameter flow field. A final waning phase produced several tephra units, commonly discontinuous and reworked, with <0.01 km(3) DRE cumulative volume. The comparatively large volume of tephra, the high eruptive columns, and high mass eruption rates make Sunset Crater the most explosive monogenetic eruption studied to date (volcano explosivity index [VEI] 3-4). Sunset Crater volcano represents an interesting case of monogenetic volcanism in that its activity was characterized by highly explosive eruptive phases up to subplinian in scale and intermittent episodes of lava effusion that heavily affected prehistoric communities in the area. Explosive basaltic volcanism should be considered when assessing volcanic hazards in continental settings, such as in the western United States. |
领域 | 地球科学 |
收录类别 | SCI-E ; SSCI |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000460031700016 |
WOS关键词 | FRANCISCO VOLCANIC FIELD ; GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION ; SCORIA-CONE ERUPTIONS ; RECURRENCE RATES ; RANGE PROVINCE ; VOLUME ; TEPHRA ; DEPOSITS ; EXAMPLE ; LAVA |
WOS类目 | Geosciences, Multidisciplinary |
WOS研究方向 | Geology |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/24577 |
专题 | 地球科学 |
作者单位 | 1.Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 876004, Tempe, AZ 85282 USA; 2.No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth & Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA; 3.Univ Geneva, Dept Mineral, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland; 4.Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; 5.Adrian Coll, Geol Dept, 110 South Madison St, Adrian, MI 49221 USA; 6.2539 Diamond Hill Rd, St Johnsbury, VT 05819 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Alfano, Fabrizio,Ort, Michael H.,Pioli, Laura,et al. Subplinian monogenetic basaltic eruption of Sunset Crater, Arizona, USA[J]. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN,2019,131:661-674. |
APA | Alfano, Fabrizio.,Ort, Michael H..,Pioli, Laura.,Self, Stephen.,Hanson, Sarah L..,...&Clarke, Amanda B..(2019).Subplinian monogenetic basaltic eruption of Sunset Crater, Arizona, USA.GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN,131,661-674. |
MLA | Alfano, Fabrizio,et al."Subplinian monogenetic basaltic eruption of Sunset Crater, Arizona, USA".GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN 131(2019):661-674. |
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