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The southern Canadian Rockies is an excellent area in which to examine and discuss compressional hydrocarbon traps for three main reasons: (1) the Foothills host numerous large hydrocarbon fields, many of which were discovered decades ago and continue to produce today, providing a growing subsurface database and documentation of the history of applicable structural models over time; (2) the thrust belt is well exposed and provides many outstanding examples of seismic-scale structures associated with thin-skinned fold-thrust hydrocarbon traps and play types, including surface expression of several of the producing hydrocarbon fields; and (3) many publishedmaps and papers from the Canadian Rockies have contributed significantly over several decades to our evolving understanding of the geometry, evolution, and hydrocarbon prospectivity of thin-skinned fold-thrust belts worldwide.