Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.01.052 |
Effects of bark beetle attacks on forest snowpack and avalanche formation - Implications for protection forest management | |
Teich, Michaela1; Giunta, Andrew D.1; Hagenmuller, Pascal2; Bebi, Peter3; Schneebeli, Martin3; Jenkins, Michael J.1 | |
2019-04-15 | |
发表期刊 | FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
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ISSN | 0378-1127 |
EISSN | 1872-7042 |
出版年 | 2019 |
卷号 | 438页码:186-203 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; France; Switzerland |
英文摘要 | Healthy, dense forests growing in avalanche terrain reduce the likelihood of slab avalanche release by inhibiting the formation of continuous snow layers and weaknesses in the snowpack. Driven by climate change, trends towards more frequent and severe bark beetle disturbances have already resulted in the death of millions of hectares of forest in North America and central Europe, affecting snowpack in mountain forests and potentially reducing their protective capacity against avalanches. We examined the spatial variability in snow stratigraphy, i.e., the characteristic layering of the snowpack, by repeatedly measuring vertical profiles of snow penetration resistance with a digital snow micro penetrometer (SMP) along 10- and 20-m transects in a spruce beetle-infested Engelmann spruce forest in Utah, USA. Three study plots were selected characterizing different stages within a spruce beetle outbreak cycle: non-infested/green, infested > 3 years ago/gray stage, and salvage-logged. A fourth plot was installed in a non-forested meadow as the control. Based on our SMP measurements and a layer matching algorithm, we quantified the spatial variability in snow stratigraphy, and tested which forest, snow and/or meteorological conditions influenced differences between our plots using linear mixed effects models. Our results showed that spatial variability in snow stratigraphy was best explained by the percentage of canopy covering a transect (R-2 = 0.71, p < 0.001), and that only 14% of the variance was explained by the stage within the outbreak cycle. That is, differences between green and gray stage stands did not depend much on the reduction in needle mass, but spatial variability in snow stratigraphy increased significantly with increasing forest canopy cover. At both study plots, a more heterogeneous snow stratigraphy developed, which translates to disrupted and discontinuous snow layers and, therefore, reduced avalanche formation. We attribute this to the effect that small fine branches and twigs still present in the canopy of gray stage trees have on snow interception and unloading, and especially on canopy drip. In contrast, salvage logging that reduced the canopy cover to similar to 25%, led to a spatially less variable and similar snow stratigraphy as observed in the meadow. At these two study plots, a homogeneous snow stratigraphy consisting of distinct vertical and continuous slope-parallel soft and hard snow layers including weak layers had formed, a condition which is generally more prone to avalanche release. Our findings therefore emphasize advantages of leaving dead trees in place, especially in protection forests where bark beetle populations have reached epidemic levels. |
英文关键词 | Snow stratigraphy Avalanche formation Protection forest Bark beetle Snow micro penetrometer SMP |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000463120500021 |
WOS关键词 | MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE ; SPRUCE BEETLE ; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS ; UINTA MOUNTAINS ; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS ; TREE MORTALITY ; CLIMATE-CHANGE ; FIRE BEHAVIOR ; DISTURBANCES ; DYNAMICS |
WOS类目 | Forestry |
WOS研究方向 | Forestry |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/182326 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA; 2.Univ Toulouse, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Meteo France, CNRS,CNRM,Ctr Etud Neige, 1441 Rue Piscine, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France; 3.WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Fluelastr 11, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Teich, Michaela,Giunta, Andrew D.,Hagenmuller, Pascal,et al. Effects of bark beetle attacks on forest snowpack and avalanche formation - Implications for protection forest management[J]. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT,2019,438:186-203. |
APA | Teich, Michaela,Giunta, Andrew D.,Hagenmuller, Pascal,Bebi, Peter,Schneebeli, Martin,&Jenkins, Michael J..(2019).Effects of bark beetle attacks on forest snowpack and avalanche formation - Implications for protection forest management.FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT,438,186-203. |
MLA | Teich, Michaela,et al."Effects of bark beetle attacks on forest snowpack and avalanche formation - Implications for protection forest management".FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 438(2019):186-203. |
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