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Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7790) : 399-+
作者:  Gate, David;  Saligrama, Naresha;  Leventhal, Olivia;  Yang, Andrew C.;  Unger, Michael S.;  Middeldorp, Jinte;  Chen, Kelly;  Lehallier, Benoit;  Channappa, Divya;  De Los Santos, Mark B.;  McBride, Alisha;  Pluvinage, John;  Elahi, Fanny;  Tam, Grace Kyin-Ye;  Kim, Yongha;  Greicius, Michael;  Wagner, Anthony D.;  Aigner, Ludwig;  Galasko, Douglas R.;  Davis, Mark M.;  Wyss-Coray, Tony
收藏  |  浏览/下载:6/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Alzheimer'  s disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder in which neuroinflammation has a critical function(1). However, little is known about the contribution of the adaptive immune response in Alzheimer'  s disease(2). Here, using integrated analyses of multiple cohorts, we identify peripheral and central adaptive immune changes in Alzheimer'  s disease. First, we performed mass cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and discovered an immune signature of Alzheimer'  s disease that consists of increased numbers of CD8(+) T effector memory CD45RA(+) (T-EMRA) cells. In a second cohort, we found that CD8(+) T-EMRA cells were negatively associated with cognition. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that T cell receptor (TCR) signalling was enhanced in these cells. Notably, by using several strategies of single-cell TCR sequencing in a third cohort, we discovered clonally expanded CD8(+) T-EMRA cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer'  s disease. Finally, we used machine learning, cloning and peptide screens to demonstrate the specificity of clonally expanded TCRs in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer'  s disease to two separate Epstein-Barr virus antigens. These results reveal an adaptive immune response in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer'  s disease and provide evidence of clonal, antigen-experienced T cells patrolling the intrathecal space of brains affected by age-related neurodegeneration.


  
The acidity of atmospheric particles and clouds 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2020, 20 (8) : 4809-4888
作者:  Pye, Havala O. T.;  Nenes, Athanasios;  Alexander, Becky;  Ault, Andrew P.;  Barth, Mary C.;  Clegg, Simon L.;  Collett, Jeffrey L., Jr.;  Fahey, Kathleen M.;  Hennigan, Christopher J.;  Herrmann, Hartmut;  Kanakidou, Maria;  Kelly, James T.;  Ku, I-Ting;  McNeill, V. Faye;  Riemer, Nicole;  Schaefer, Thomas;  Shi, Guoliang;  Tilgner, Andreas;  Walker, John T.;  Wang, Tao;  Weber, Rodney;  Xing, Jia;  Zaveri, Rahul A.;  Zuend, Andreas
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Highly porous nature of a primitive asteroid revealed by thermal imaging 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7800) : 518-522
作者:  Quinn, Robert A.;  Melnik, Alexey, V;  Vrbanac, Alison;  Fu, Ting;  Patras, Kathryn A.;  Christy, Mitchell P.;  Bodai, Zsolt;  Belda-Ferre, Pedro;  Tripathi, Anupriya;  Chung, Lawton K.;  Downes, Michael;  Welch, Ryan D.;  Quinn, Melissa;  Humphrey, Greg;  Panitchpakdi, Morgan;  Weldon, Kelly C.;  Aksenov, Alexander;  da Silva, Ricardo;  Avila-Pacheco, Julian;  Clish, Clary;  Bae, Sena;  Mallick, Himel;  Franzosa, Eric A.;  Lloyd-Price, Jason;  Bussell, Robert;  Thron, Taren;  Nelson, Andrew T.;  Wang, Mingxun;  Leszczynski, Eric;  Vargas, Fernando;  Gauglitz, Julia M.;  Meehan, Michael J.;  Gentry, Emily;  Arthur, Timothy D.;  Komor, Alexis C.;  Poulsen, Orit;  Boland, Brigid S.;  Chang, John T.;  Sandborn, William J.;  Lim, Meerana;  Garg, Neha;  Lumeng, Julie C.;  Xavier, Ramnik J.;  Kazmierczak, Barbara, I;  Jain, Ruchi;  Egan, Marie;  Rhee, Kyung E.;  Ferguson, David;  Raffatellu, Manuela;  Vlamakis, Hera;  Haddad, Gabriel G.;  Siegel, Dionicio;  Huttenhower, Curtis;  Mazmanian, Sarkis K.;  Evans, Ronald M.;  Nizet, Victor;  Knight, Rob;  Dorrestein, Pieter C.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:50/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Carbonaceous (C-type) asteroids(1) are relics of the early Solar System that have preserved primitive materials since their formation approximately 4.6 billion years ago. They are probably analogues of carbonaceous chondrites(2,3) and are essential for understanding planetary formation processes. However, their physical properties remain poorly known because carbonaceous chondrite meteoroids tend not to survive entry to Earth'  s atmosphere. Here we report on global one-rotation thermographic images of the C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu, taken by the thermal infrared imager (TIR)(4) onboard the spacecraft Hayabusa2(5), indicating that the asteroid'  s boulders and their surroundings have similar temperatures, with a derived thermal inertia of about 300 J m(-2) s(-0.5) K-1 (300 tiu). Contrary to predictions that the surface consists of regolith and dense boulders, this low thermal inertia suggests that the boulders are more porous than typical carbonaceous chondrites(6) and that their surroundings are covered with porous fragments more than 10 centimetres in diameter. Close-up thermal images confirm the presence of such porous fragments and the flat diurnal temperature profiles suggest a strong surface roughness effect(7,8). We also observed in the close-up thermal images boulders that are colder during the day, with thermal inertia exceeding 600 tiu, corresponding to dense boulders similar to typical carbonaceous chondrites(6). These results constrain the formation history of Ryugu: the asteroid must be a rubble pile formed from impact fragments of a parent body with microporosity(9) of approximately 30 to 50 per cent that experienced a low degree of consolidation. The dense boulders might have originated from the consolidated innermost region or they may have an exogenic origin. This high-porosity asteroid may link cosmic fluffy dust to dense celestial bodies(10).


Thermal imaging data obtained from the spacecraft Hayabusa2 reveal that the carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu is an object of unusually high porosity.


  
Nitrogen pollution interacts with heat stress to increase coral bleaching across the seascape 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (10) : 5351-5357
作者:  Donovan, Mary K.;  Adam, Thomas C.;  Shantz, Andrew A.;  Speare, Kelly E.;  Munsterman, Katrina S.;  Rice, Mallory M.;  Schmitt, Russell J.;  Holbrook, Sally J.;  Burkepile, Deron E.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
coral reef  climate change  nutrient availability  Acropora  Pocillopora  
Coupling Natural and Human Models in the Context of a Lake Ecosystem: Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA 期刊论文
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, 2020, 169
作者:  Weng, Weizhe;  Boyle, Kevin J.;  Farrell, Kaitlin J.;  Carey, Cayelan C.;  Cobourn, Kelly M.;  Dugan, Hilary A.;  Hanson, Paul C.;  Ward, Nicole K.;  Weathers, Kathleen C.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Nutrient loading  Water quality  Coupling liminology and economic models  General Lake Model  Hedonic property-value model  
Experimental demonstration of memory-enhanced quantum communication 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020
作者:  Quinn, Robert A.;  Melnik, Alexey, V;  Vrbanac, Alison;  Fu, Ting;  Patras, Kathryn A.;  Christy, Mitchell P.;  Bodai, Zsolt;  Belda-Ferre, Pedro;  Tripathi, Anupriya;  Chung, Lawton K.;  Downes, Michael;  Welch, Ryan D.;  Quinn, Melissa;  Humphrey, Greg;  Panitchpakdi, Morgan;  Weldon, Kelly C.;  Aksenov, Alexander;  da Silva, Ricardo;  Avila-Pacheco, Julian;  Clish, Clary;  Bae, Sena;  Mallick, Himel;  Franzosa, Eric A.;  Lloyd-Price, Jason;  Bussell, Robert;  Thron, Taren;  Nelson, Andrew T.;  Wang, Mingxun;  Leszczynski, Eric;  Vargas, Fernando;  Gauglitz, Julia M.;  Meehan, Michael J.;  Gentry, Emily;  Arthur, Timothy D.;  Komor, Alexis C.;  Poulsen, Orit;  Boland, Brigid S.;  Chang, John T.;  Sandborn, William J.;  Lim, Meerana;  Garg, Neha;  Lumeng, Julie C.;  Xavier, Ramnik J.;  Kazmierczak, Barbara, I;  Jain, Ruchi;  Egan, Marie;  Rhee, Kyung E.;  Ferguson, David;  Raffatellu, Manuela;  Vlamakis, Hera;  Haddad, Gabriel G.;  Siegel, Dionicio;  Huttenhower, Curtis;  Mazmanian, Sarkis K.;  Evans, Ronald M.;  Nizet, Victor;  Knight, Rob;  Dorrestein, Pieter C.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:36/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

The ability to communicate quantum information over long distances is of central importance in quantum science and engineering(1). Although some applications of quantum communication such as secure quantum key distribution(2,3) are already being successfully deployed(4-7), their range is currently limited by photon losses and cannot be extended using straightforward measure-and-repeat strategies without compromising unconditional security(8). Alternatively, quantum repeaters(9), which utilize intermediate quantum memory nodes and error correction techniques, can extend the range of quantum channels. However, their implementation remains an outstanding challenge(10-16), requiring a combination of efficient and high-fidelity quantum memories, gate operations, and measurements. Here we use a single solid-state spin memory integrated in a nanophotonic diamond resonator(17-19) to implement asynchronous photonic Bell-state measurements, which are a key component of quantum repeaters. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrate high-fidelity operation that effectively enables quantum communication at a rate that surpasses the ideal loss-equivalent direct-transmission method while operating at megahertz clock speeds. These results represent a crucial step towards practical quantum repeaters and large-scale quantum networks(20,21).


A solid-state spin memory is used to demonstrate quantum repeater functionality, which has the potential to overcome photon losses involved in long-distance transmission of quantum information.


  
Global gene flow releases invasive plants from environmental constraints on genetic diversity 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (8) : 4218-4227
作者:  Smith, Annabel L.;  Hodkinson, Trevor R.;  Villellas, Jesus;  Catford, Jane A.;  Csergo, Anna Maria;  Blomberg, Simone P.;  Crone, Elizabeth E.;  Ehrlen, Johan;  Garcia, Maria B.;  Laine, Anna-Liisa;  Roach, Deborah A.;  Salguero-Gomez, Roberto;  Wardle, Glenda M.;  Childs, Dylan Z.;  Elderd, Bret D.;  Finn, Alain;  Munne-Bosch, Sergi;  Baudraz, Maude E. A.;  Bodis, Judit;  Brearley, Francis Q.;  Bucharova, Anna;  Caruso, Christina M.;  Duncan, Richard P.;  Dwyerh, Johnm.;  Gooden, Ben;  Groenteman, Ronny;  Hamre, Liv Norunn;  Helm, Aveliina;  Kelly, Ruth;  Laanisto, Lauri;  Lonati, Michele;  Moore, Joslin L.;  Morales, Melanie;  Olsen, Siri Lie;  Partel, Meelis;  Petry, William K.;  Ramula, Satu;  Rasmussen, Pil U.;  Enri, Simone Ravetto;  Roeder, Anna;  Roscher, Christiane;  Saastamoinen, Marjo;  Tack, Ayco J. M.;  Topper, Joachim Paul;  Vose, Gregory E.;  Wandrag, Elizabeth M.;  Wingler, Astrid;  Buckley, Yvonne M.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:8/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
plant invasion  adaptation  global change  population genetics  demography  
Shale gas development has limited effects on stream biology and geochemistry in a gradient-based, multiparameter study in Pennsylvania 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (7) : 3670-3677
作者:  Mumford, Adam C.;  Maloney, Kelly O.;  Akob, Denise M.;  Nettemann, Sarah;  Proctor, Arianne;  Ditty, Jason;  Ulsamer, Luke;  Lookenbill, Josh;  Cozzarelli, Isabelle M.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
Marcellus Shale  hydraulic fracturing  water quality  microbiology  macroinvertebrates  
Declines in an abundant aquatic insect, the burrowing mayfly, across major North American waterways 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (6) : 2987-2992
作者:  Stepanian, Phillip M.;  Entrekin, Sally A.;  Wainwright, Charlotte E.;  Mirkovic, Djordje;  Tank, Jennifer L.;  Kelly, Jeffrey F.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:6/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13
bioflow  cotone  emergence  Ephemeroptera  radar entomology  
A mycobacterial ABC transporter mediates the uptake of hydrophilic compounds 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7803) : 409-+
作者:  Al-Shayeb, Basem;  Sachdeva, Rohan;  Chen, Lin-Xing;  Ward, Fred;  Munk, Patrick;  Devoto, Audra;  Castelle, Cindy J.;  Olm, Matthew R.;  Bouma-Gregson, Keith;  Amano, Yuki;  He, Christine;  Meheust, Raphael;  Brooks, Brandon;  Thomas, Alex;  Levy, Adi;  Matheus-Carnevali, Paula;  Sun, Christine;  Goltsman, Daniela S. A.;  Borton, Mikayla A.;  Sharrar, Allison;  Jaffe, Alexander L.;  Nelson, Tara C.;  Kantor, Rose;  Keren, Ray;  Lane, Katherine R.;  Farag, Ibrahim F.;  Lei, Shufei;  Finstad, Kari;  Amundson, Ronald;  Anantharaman, Karthik;  Zhou, Jinglie;  Probst, Alexander J.;  Power, Mary E.;  Tringe, Susannah G.;  Li, Wen-Jun;  Wrighton, Kelly;  Harrison, Sue;  Morowitz, Michael;  Relman, David A.;  Doudna, Jennifer A.;  Lehours, Anne-Catherine;  Warren, Lesley;  Cate, Jamie H. D.;  Santini, Joanne M.;  Banfield, Jillian F.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:37/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an obligate human pathogen and the causative agent of tuberculosis(1-3). Although Mtb can synthesize vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) de novo, uptake of cobalamin has been linked to pathogenesis of tuberculosis2. Mtb does not encode any characterized cobalamin transporter(4-6)  however, the gene rv1819c was found to be essential for uptake of cobalamin(1). This result is difficult to reconcile with the original annotation of Rv1819c as a protein implicated in the transport of antimicrobial peptides such as bleomycin(7). In addition, uptake of cobalamin seems inconsistent with the amino acid sequence, which suggests that Rv1819c has a bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-exporter fold1. Here, we present structures of Rv1819c, which reveal that the protein indeed contains the ABC-exporter fold, as well as a large water-filled cavity of about 7,700 angstrom(3), which enables the protein to transport the unrelated hydrophilic compounds bleomycin and cobalamin. On the basis of these structures, we propose that Rv1819c is a multi-solute transporter for hydrophilic molecules, analogous to the multidrug exporters of the ABC transporter family, which pump out structurally diverse hydrophobic compounds from cells(8-11).