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加拿大研究称人为气候变化加剧了加拿大野火风险 快报文章
气候变化快报,2025年第1期
作者:  董利苹 杜海霞
Microsoft Word(18Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:449/0  |  提交时间:2025/01/05
Human  Climate Change  Likelihood  Area  2023  
森林保护措施能有效减少全球范围内的二氧化碳排放 快报文章
气候变化快报,2023年第12期
作者:  秦冰雪
Microsoft Word(14Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:593/0  |  提交时间:2023/06/20
Climate Change Mitigation  Protected Area  
Global conservation of species' niches 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7802) : 232-+
作者:  Guo, Xiaoyan;  Aviles, Giovanni;  Liu, Yi;  Tian, Ruilin;  Unger, Bret A.;  Lin, Yu-Hsiu T.;  Wiita, Arun P.;  Xu, Ke;  Correia, M. Almira;  Kampmann, Martin
收藏  |  浏览/下载:66/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Environmental change is rapidly accelerating, and many species will need to adapt to survive(1). Ensuring that protected areas cover populations across a broad range of environmental conditions could safeguard the processes that lead to such adaptations(1-3). However, international conservation policies have largely neglected these considerations when setting targets for the expansion of protected areas(4). Here we show that-of 19,937 vertebrate species globally(5-8)-the representation of environmental conditions across their habitats in protected areas (hereafter, niche representation) is inadequate for 4,836 (93.1%) amphibian, 8,653 (89.5%) bird and 4,608 (90.9%) terrestrial mammal species. Expanding existing protected areas to cover these gaps would encompass 33.8% of the total land surface-exceeding the current target of 17% that has been adopted by governments. Priority locations for expanding the system of protected areas to improve niche representation occur in global biodiversity hotspots(9), including Colombia, Papua New Guinea, South Africa and southwest China, as well as across most of the major land masses of the Earth. Conversely, we also show that planning for the expansion of protected areas without explicitly considering environmental conditions would marginally reduce the land area required to 30.7%, but that this would lead to inadequate niche representation for 7,798 (39.1%) species. As the governments of the world prepare to renegotiate global conservation targets, policymakers have the opportunity to help to maintain the adaptive potential of species by considering niche representation within protected areas(1,2).


Protected areas would need to expand to 33.8% of the total land surface to adequately represent environmental conditions across the habitats of amphibians, birds and terrestrial mammals, far exceeding the current 17% target.


  
Global-scale human impact on delta morphology has led to net land area gain 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7791) : 514-+
作者:  Nienhuis, J. H.;  Ashton, A. D.;  Edmonds, D. A.;  Hoitink, A. J. F.;  Kettner, A. J.;  Rowland, J. C.;  Tornqvist, T. E.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:43/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

River deltas rank among the most economically and ecologically valuable environments on Earth. Even in the absence of sea-level rise, deltas are increasingly vulnerable to coastal hazards as declining sediment supply and climate change alter their sediment budget, affecting delta morphology and possibly leading to erosion(1-3). However, the relationship between deltaic sediment budgets, oceanographic forces of waves and tides, and delta morphology has remained poorly quantified. Here we show how the morphology of about 11,000 coastal deltas worldwide, ranging from small bayhead deltas to mega-deltas, has been affected by river damming and deforestation. We introduce a model that shows that present-day delta morphology varies across a continuum between wave (about 80 per cent), tide (around 10 per cent) and river (about 10 per cent) dominance, but that most large deltas are tide- and river-dominated. Over the past 30 years, despite sea-level rise, deltas globally have experienced a net land gain of 54 +/- 12 square kilometres per year (2 standard deviations), with the largest 1 per cent of deltas being responsible for 30 per cent of all net land area gains. Humans are a considerable driver of these net land gains-25 per cent of delta growth can be attributed to deforestation-induced increases in fluvial sediment supply. Yet for nearly 1,000 deltas, river damming(4) has resulted in a severe (more than 50 per cent) reduction in anthropogenic sediment flux, forcing a collective loss of 12 +/- 3.5 square kilometres per year (2 standard deviations) of deltaic land. Not all deltas lose land in response to river damming: deltas transitioning towards tide dominance are currently gaining land, probably through channel infilling. With expected accelerated sea-level rise(5), however, recent land gains are unlikely to be sustained throughout the twenty-first century. Understanding the redistribution of sediments by waves and tides will be critical for successfully predicting human-driven change to deltas, both locally and globally.


A global study of river deltas shows a net increase in delta area by about 54 km(2) yr(-1) over the past 30 years, in part due to deforestation-induced sediment delivery increase.


  
Seasonal variation in patch and landscape effects on forest bird communities in a lowland fragmented landscape 期刊论文
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2019, 454
作者:  Yabuhara, Yuki;  Yamaura, Yuichi;  Akasaka, Takumi;  Yamanaka, Satoshi;  Nakamura, Futoshi
收藏  |  浏览/下载:39/0  |  提交时间:2020/02/17
Seasonal change  Forest bird community  Patch connectivity  Riparian forest  Conifer plantation forest  Patch area  
Wood anatomical traits in black spruce reveal latent water constraints on the boreal forest 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019
作者:  Puchi, Paulina F.;  Castagneri, Daniele;  Rossi, Sergio;  Carrer, Marco
收藏  |  浏览/下载:36/0  |  提交时间:2020/02/17
cell number  cell wall thickness  climate change  dendroanatomy  lumen area  Picea mariana  xylem  
Interface processes between protected and unprotected areas: A global review and ways forward 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019
作者:  Blanco, Julien;  Bellon, Beatriz;  Fabricius, Christo;  Roque, Fabio de O.;  Pays, Olivier;  Laurent, Francois;  Fritz, Herve;  Renaud, Pierre-Cyril
收藏  |  浏览/下载:24/0  |  提交时间:2020/02/17
biodiversity conservation  buffer zones  landscape change  natural resource governance  protected area management  transition areas  
Ecological contingency in species shifts: downslope shifts of woody species under warming climate and land-use change 期刊论文
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019, 14 (11)
作者:  Zhang, Xianwu;  Zhang, Bo;  Feeley, Kenneth J.;  Wang, G. Geoff;  Zhang, Jinchi;  Zhai, Lu
收藏  |  浏览/下载:30/0  |  提交时间:2020/02/17
human disturbance cessation  recruitment  species elevational shift  basal area  land-use change  climate change  
Spatiotemporal Variability of Sea Ice in the Arctic's Last Ice Area 期刊论文
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019
作者:  Moore, G. W. K.;  Schweiger, A.;  Zhang, J.;  Steele, M.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:17/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Last Ice Area  Climate Change  Sea Ice  Arctic Oscillation  
Contrasting Ice Algae and Snow-Dependent Irradiance Relationships Between First-Year and Multiyear Sea Ice 期刊论文
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2019
作者:  Lange, Benjamin A.;  Haas, Christian;  Charette, Joannie;  Katlein, Christian;  Campbell, Karley;  Duerksen, Steve;  Coupel, Pierre;  Anhaus, Philipp;  Jutila, Arttu;  Tremblay, Pascal O. G.;  Carlyle, Cody G.;  Michel, Christine
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
sea ice algae  sea ice biophysics  multiyear sea ice  first year sea ice  Last Ice Area  climate change