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Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7814) : 72-+
作者:  Guido Ceccherini;  Gregory Duveiller;  Giacomo Grassi;  Guido Lemoine;  Valerio Avitabile;  Roberto Pilli;  Alessandro Cescatti
收藏  |  浏览/下载:19/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/06

Fine-scale satellite data are used to quantify forest harvest rates in 26 European countries, finding an increase in harvested forest area of 49% and an increase in biomass loss of 69% between 2011-2015 and 2016-2018.


Forests provide a series of ecosystem services that are crucial to our society. In the European Union (EU), forests account for approximately 38% of the total land surface(1). These forests are important carbon sinks, and their conservation efforts are vital for the EU'  s vision of achieving climate neutrality by 2050(2). However, the increasing demand for forest services and products, driven by the bioeconomy, poses challenges for sustainable forest management. Here we use fine-scale satellite data to observe an increase in the harvested forest area (49 per cent) and an increase in biomass loss (69 per cent) over Europe for the period of 2016-2018 relative to 2011-2015, with large losses occurring on the Iberian Peninsula and in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Satellite imagery further reveals that the average patch size of harvested area increased by 34 per cent across Europe, with potential effects on biodiversity, soil erosion and water regulation. The increase in the rate of forest harvest is the result of the recent expansion of wood markets, as suggested by econometric indicators on forestry, wood-based bioenergy and international trade. If such a high rate of forest harvest continues, the post-2020 EU vision of forest-based climate mitigation may be hampered, and the additional carbon losses from forests would require extra emission reductions in other sectors in order to reach climate neutrality by 2050(3).


  
U.S. International Economic Strategy in a Turbulent World 科技报告
来源:Rand Corporation. 出版年: 2016
作者:  Howard J. Shatz
收藏  |  浏览/下载:5/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Economic Development  RAND-initiated  China  European Union  Trade Barriers  Trade Regulation  United States  Japan  Southeast Asia  
Considering Marijuana Legalization: Insights for Vermont and Other Jurisdictions 科技报告
来源:Rand Corporation. 出版年: 2015
作者:  Jonathan P. Caulkins;  Beau Kilmer;  Mark A. R. Kleiman;  Robert J MacCoun;  Gregory Midgette;  Pat Oglesby;  Rosalie Liccardo Pacula;  Peter H. Reuter
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Incarceration  Marijuana  Vermont  Drug Policy and Trends  Mental Health and Illness  Trade Regulation  Illegal Drug Trade  
The Cost of Non-Europe in the Single Market: Free Movement of Goods 科技报告
来源:Rand Corporation. 出版年: 2014
作者:  Marco Hafner;  Enora Robin;  Stijn Hoorens
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Trade Barriers  European Union  Trade Regulation  Econometric Models  International Trade  Markets  
ENVI Relevant Legislative Areas of the EU-US Trade and Investment Partnership Negotiations (TTIP)----Study for the ENVI Committee 科技报告
来源:Ecologic Institute (EU). 出版年: 2014
作者:  Christiane Gerstetter;  Max Grünig;  Elizabeth Dooley JD;  LLM;  Elizabeth Tedsen JD
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Trade  investment  TTIP  Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership  environmental regulation  medicinal products  cosmetics  food  labelling  nutrition  sanitary and phyto-sanitary measures  SPS  nanomaterials  cloning  raw materials  energy  motor vehicles  consumer protection  EU  USA  
Legal Implications of TTIP for the Acquis Communautaire in ENVI Relevant Sectors 科技报告
来源:Ecologic Institute (EU). 出版年: 2013
作者:  Christiane Gerstetter;  Michael Mehling, LLM;  Andrew Eberle
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
trade  TTIP  investment  US  GMOs  chemical regulation  United States of America  European Union  Europe  
Ofcom: The effectiveness of converged regulation 科技报告
来源:Rand Corporation. 出版年: 2012
作者:  ꙸĿ뎈Ŀth Care SerEmily Scraggs;  Jonathan Cave;  Christian van Stolk;  Dimitris Potoglou;  Simo Goshev;  Mihaly Fazekas;  Siobhan Ni Chonaill;  Barbara Janta;  Laura Brereton
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
The Internet  Trade Regulation  United Kingdom  Telecommunications