GSTDTAP

浏览/检索结果: 共23条,第1-10条 帮助

已选(0)清除 条数/页:   排序方式:
中国近期电力短缺的原因及解决方案 快报文章
气候变化快报,2023年第13期
作者:  廖琴
Microsoft Word(17Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:533/0  |  提交时间:2023/07/04
Power Shortages  Economic Perspective  China  
研究人员从地质学视角观察深海塑料污染 快报文章
资源环境快报,2021年第9期
作者:  廖琴
Microsoft Word(13Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:421/0  |  提交时间:2021/05/18
Geological Perspective  Deep Marine  Plastic Pollution  
麦肯锡发布《2021年全球能源展望》报告 快报文章
地球科学快报,2021年第2期
作者:  王立伟
Microsoft Word(19Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载:503/0  |  提交时间:2021/01/25
Energy  Perspective  
Current European flood-rich period exceptional compared with past 500 years 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 583 (7817) : 560-+
作者:  ;  nter Blö;  schl;  Andrea Kiss;  Alberto Viglione;  Mariano Barriendos;  Oliver Bö;  hm;  Rudolf Brá;  zdil;  Denis Coeur;  Gaston Demaré;  e;  Maria Carmen Llasat;  Neil Macdonald;  Dag Retsö;  Lars Roald;  Petra Schmocker-Fackel;  Inê;  s Amorim;  Monika Bě;  ;  nová;  Gerardo Benito;  Chiara Bertolin;  Dario Camuffo;  Daniel Cornel;  Radosł;  aw Doktor;  ;  bor Elleder;  Silvia Enzi;  Joã;  o Carlos Garcia;  ;  diger Glaser;  Julia Hall;  Klaus Haslinger;  Michael Hofstä;  tter;  ;  rgen Komma;  Danuta Limanó;  wka;  David Lun;  Andrei Panin;  Juraj Parajka;  Hrvoje Petrić;  Fernando S. Rodrigo;  Christian Rohr;  Johannes Schö;  nbein;  Lothar Schulte;  Luí;  s Pedro Silva;  Willem H. J. Toonen;  Peter Valent;  ;  rgen Waser;  Oliver Wetter
收藏  |  浏览/下载:40/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/09

There are concerns that recent climate change is altering the frequency and magnitude of river floods in an unprecedented way(1). Historical studies have identified flood-rich periods in the past half millennium in various regions of Europe(2). However, because of the low temporal resolution of existing datasets and the relatively low number of series, it has remained unclear whether Europe is currently in a flood-rich period from a long-term perspective. Here we analyse how recent decades compare with the flood history of Europe, using a new database composed of more than 100 high-resolution (sub-annual) historical flood series based on documentary evidence covering all major regions of Europe. We show that the past three decades were among the most flood-rich periods in Europe in the past 500 years, and that this period differs from other flood-rich periods in terms of its extent, air temperatures and flood seasonality. We identified nine flood-rich periods and associated regions. Among the periods richest in floods are 1560-1580 (western and central Europe), 1760-1800 (most of Europe), 1840-1870 (western and southern Europe) and 1990-2016 (western and central Europe). In most parts of Europe, previous flood-rich periods occurred during cooler-than-usual phases, but the current flood-rich period has been much warmer. Flood seasonality is also more pronounced in the recent period. For example, during previous flood and interflood periods, 41 per cent and 42 per cent of central European floods occurred in summer, respectively, compared with 55 per cent of floods in the recent period. The exceptional nature of the present-day flood-rich period calls for process-based tools for flood-risk assessment that capture the physical mechanisms involved, and management strategies that can incorporate the recent changes in risk.


Analysis of thousands of historical documents recording floods in Europe shows that flooding characteristics in recent decades are unlike those of previous centuries.


  
Limits on gas impermeability of graphene 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 579 (7798) : 229-+
作者:  Pagano, Justin K.;  Xie, Jing;  Erickson, Karla A.;  Cope, Stephen K.;  Scott, Brian L.;  Wu, Ruilian;  Waterman, Rory;  Morris, David E.;  Yang, Ping;  Gagliardi, Laura;  Kiplinger, Jaqueline L.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:28/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Despite being only one-atom thick, defect-free graphene is considered to be completely impermeable to all gases and liquids(1-10). This conclusion is based on theory(3-8) and supported by experiments(1,9,10) that could not detect gas permeation through micrometre-size membranes within a detection limit of 10(5) to 10(6) atoms per second. Here, using small monocrystalline containers tightly sealed with graphene, we show that defect-free graphene is impermeable with an accuracy of eight to nine orders of magnitude higher than in the previous experiments. We are capable of discerning (but did not observe) permeation of just a few helium atoms per hour, and this detection limit is also valid for all other gases tested (neon, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, krypton and xenon), except for hydrogen. Hydrogen shows noticeable permeation, even though its molecule is larger than helium and should experience a higher energy barrier. This puzzling observation is attributed to a two-stage process that involves dissociation of molecular hydrogen at catalytically active graphene ripples, followed by adsorbed atoms flipping to the other side of the graphene sheet with a relatively low activation energy of about 1.0 electronvolt, a value close to that previously reported for proton transport(11,12). Our work provides a key reference for the impermeability of two-dimensional materials and is important from a fundamental perspective and for their potential applications.


  
The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7793) : 94-+
作者:  Ciurlo, Anna;  39;Neil, Kelly Kosmo
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Somatic mutations in cancer genomes are caused by multiple mutational processes, each of which generates a characteristic mutational signature(1). Here, as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium(2) of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we characterized mutational signatures using 84,729,690 somatic mutations from 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences that encompass most types of cancer. We identified 49 single-base-substitution, 11 doublet-base-substitution, 4 clustered-base-substitution and 17 small insertion-and-deletion signatures. The substantial size of our dataset, compared with previous analyses(3-15), enabled the discovery of new signatures, the separation of overlapping signatures and the decomposition of signatures into components that may represent associated-but distinct-DNA damage, repair and/or replication mechanisms. By estimating the contribution of each signature to the mutational catalogues of individual cancer genomes, we revealed associations of signatures to exogenous or endogenous exposures, as well as to defective DNA-maintenance processes. However, many signatures are of unknown cause. This analysis provides a systematic perspective on the repertoire of mutational processes that contribute to the development of human cancer.


  
How do energy policies accelerate sustainable transitions? Unpacking the policy transfer process in the case of GETFiT Uganda 期刊论文
ENERGY POLICY, 2019, 132: 1320-1332
作者:  Bhamidipati, Padmasai Lakshmi;  Haselip, James;  Hansen, Ulrich Elmer
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Renewable energy  Policy transfer  Policy translation  Agency perspective  Sustainability transitions  
Re-examining the decadal change of tropical cyclogenesis over the South China Sea around the mid-1990s 期刊论文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2019, 39 (7) : 3188-3200
作者:  Cao, Xi;  Wu, Renguang;  Zhan, Yingyu
收藏  |  浏览/下载:3/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
different timescales  inter-decadal change  local and instantaneous perspective  TC genesis  South China Sea  
Household energy transition in Sahelian cities: An analysis of the failure of 30 years of energy policies in Bamako, Mali 期刊论文
ENERGY POLICY, 2019, 129: 1080-1089
作者:  Gazull, Laurent;  Gautier, Denis;  Montagne, Pierre
收藏  |  浏览/下载:8/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
Household energy transition  Woodfuel  Mali  Multi-level perspective  Social practice theory  
Persistence, loss and gain: Characterising mature green roof vegetation by functional composition 期刊论文
LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING, 2019, 185: 228-236
作者:  Thuring, Christine E.;  Dunnett, Nigel P.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:6/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
Extensive green roof  Vegetation dynamics  Long-term perspective  CSR adaptive strategies  Functional composition  Urban ecosystems