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GISS Model E2.2: A Climate Model Optimized for the Middle Atmosphere-Model Structure, Climatology, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2020, 125 (10)
作者:  Rind, D.;  Orbe, C.;  Jonas, J.;  Nazarenko, L.;  Zhou, T.;  Kelley, M.;  Lacis, A.;  Shindell, D.;  Faluvegi, G.;  Romanou, A.;  Russell, G.;  Tausnev, N.;  Bauer, M.;  Schmidt, G.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
climate model  middle atmosphere  model development  
Preindustrial (CH4)-C-14 indicates greater anthropogenic fossil CH4 emissions 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7795) : 409-+
作者:  Keener, Megan;  Hunt, Camden;  Carroll, Timothy G.;  Kampel, Vladimir;  Dobrovetsky, Roman;  Hayton, Trevor W.;  Menard, Gabriel
收藏  |  浏览/下载:25/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

Atmospheric methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas, and its mole fraction has more than doubled since the preindustrial era(1). Fossil fuel extraction and use are among the largest anthropogenic sources of CH4 emissions, but the precise magnitude of these contributions is a subject of debate(2,3). Carbon-14 in CH4 ((CH4)-C-14) can be used to distinguish between fossil (C-14-free) CH4 emissions and contemporaneous biogenic sources  however, poorly constrained direct (CH4)-C-14 emissions from nuclear reactors have complicated this approach since the middle of the 20th century(4,5). Moreover, the partitioning of total fossil CH4 emissions (presently 172 to 195 teragrams CH4 per year)(2,3) between anthropogenic and natural geological sources (such as seeps and mud volcanoes) is under debate  emission inventories suggest that the latter account for about 40 to 60 teragrams CH4 per year(6,7). Geological emissions were less than 15.4 teragrams CH4 per year at the end of the Pleistocene, about 11,600 years ago(8), but that period is an imperfect analogue for present-day emissions owing to the large terrestrial ice sheet cover, lower sea level and extensive permafrost. Here we use preindustrial-era ice core (CH4)-C-14 measurements to show that natural geological CH4 emissions to the atmosphere were about 1.6 teragrams CH4 per year, with a maximum of 5.4 teragrams CH4 per year (95 per cent confidence limit)-an order of magnitude lower than the currently used estimates. This result indicates that anthropogenic fossil CH4 emissions are underestimated by about 38 to 58 teragrams CH4 per year, or about 25 to 40 per cent of recent estimates. Our record highlights the human impact on the atmosphere and climate, provides a firm target for inventories of the global CH4 budget, and will help to inform strategies for targeted emission reductions(9,10).


Isotopic evidence from ice cores indicates that preindustrial-era geological methane emissions were lower than previously thought, suggesting that present-day emissions of methane from fossil fuels are underestimated.


  
Long-Term Changes in the Northern Midwinter Middle Atmosphere in Relation to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2019, 124 (24) : 13914-13942
作者:  Gabriel, A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2020/02/17
Trends and QBO  Middle Atmosphere  
ENSO Modulation of the QBO: Results from MIROC Models with and without Nonorographic Gravity Wave Parameterization 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2019, 76 (12) : 3893-3917
作者:  Kawatani, Yoshio;  Hamilton, Kevin;  Sato, Kaoru;  Dunkerton, Timothy J.;  Watanabe, Shingo;  Kikuchi, Kazuyoshi
收藏  |  浏览/下载:5/0  |  提交时间:2020/02/17
Middle atmosphere  
Trends and Variability in Vertical Winds in the Southern Hemisphere Summer Polar Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2019, 124 (21) : 11070-11085
作者:  Vincent, R. A.;  Kovalam, S.;  Murphy, D. J.;  Reid, I. M.;  Younger, J. P.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:6/0  |  提交时间:2020/02/17
mesosphere-thermosphere  winds and temperature  vertical velocity  middle atmosphere coupling  
Characterization of inertia gravity waves and associated dynamics in the lower stratosphere over the Indian Antarctic station, Bharati (69.4 degrees S, 76.2 degrees E) during austral summers 期刊论文
CLIMATE DYNAMICS, 2019, 53: 2887-2903
作者:  Koushik, N.;  Kumar, Karanam Kishore;  Subrahmanyam, K., V;  Ramkumar, Geetha;  Girach, I. A.;  Santosh, M.;  Nalini, K.;  Nazeer, M.;  Shreedevi, P. R.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/27
Middle atmosphere dynamics  Inertia gravity waves  Lower stratosphere  Wavelet analysis  
The Effects of a Well-Resolved Stratosphere on the Simulated Boreal Winter Circulation in a Climate Model 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2019, 76 (5) : 1203-1226
作者:  Kawatani, Yoshio;  Hamilton, Kevin;  Gray, Lesley J.;  Osprey, Scott M.;  Watanabe, Shingo;  Yamashita, Yousuke
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2019/11/26
Middle atmosphere  Stratosphere-troposphere coupling  
The Early Development of the 2015/16 Quasi-Biennial Oscillation Disruption 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2019, 76 (3) : 821-836
作者:  Lin, Pu;  Held, Isaac;  Ming, Yi
收藏  |  浏览/下载:5/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Eddies  Quasibiennial oscillation  Middle atmosphere  
Nonlinear Formation of the Three-Dimensional Spectrum of Mesoscale Wind Velocity and Temperature Fluctuations in a Stably Stratified Atmosphere 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2018, 75 (10) : 3447-3467
作者:  Chunchuzov, Igor
收藏  |  浏览/下载:4/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Gravity waves  Nonlinear dynamics  Waves  atmospheric  Middle atmosphere  Mesoscale processes  
Statistical Characteristics of Gravity Waves With Near-Inertial Frequencies in the Antarctic Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Observed by the PANSY Radar 期刊论文
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2018, 123 (17) : 8993-9010
作者:  Minamihara, Y.;  Sato, K.;  Tsutsumi, M.;  Sato, T.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:4/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
gravity waves  Antarctic atmosphere  MST radar  middle atmosphere