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Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kilauea Volcano 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7804) : 491-+
作者:  Cloutier, Richard;  Clement, Alice M.;  Lee, Michael S. Y.;  Noel, Roxanne;  Bechard, Isabelle;  Roy, Vincent;  Long, John A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:33/0  |  提交时间:2020/05/13

The May 2018 rift intrusion and eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'  i, represented one of its most extraordinary eruptive sequences in at least 200 years, yet the trigger mechanism remains elusive(1). The event was preceded by several months of anomalously high precipitation. It has been proposed that rainfall can modulate shallow volcanic activity(2,3), but it remains unknown whether it can have impacts at the greater depths associated with magma transport. Here we show that immediately before and during the eruption, infiltration of rainfall into Kilauea Volcano'  s subsurface increased pore pressure at depths of 1 to 3 kilometres by 0.1 to 1 kilopascals, to its highest pressure in almost 50 years. We propose that weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice was driven by changes in pore pressure within the rift zone, prompting opportunistic dyke intrusion and ultimately facilitating the eruption. A precipitation-induced eruption trigger is consistent with the lack of precursory summit inflation, showing that this intrusion-unlike others-was not caused by the forceful intrusion of new magma into the rift zone. Moreover, statistical analysis of historic eruption occurrence suggests that rainfall patterns contribute substantially to the timing and frequency of Kilauea'  s eruptions and intrusions. Thus, volcanic activity can be modulated by extreme rainfall triggering edifice rock failure-a factor that should be considered when assessing volcanic hazards. Notably, the increasingly extreme weather patterns associated with ongoing anthropogenic climate change could increase the potential for rainfall-triggered volcanic phenomena worldwide.


Immediately before and during the eruption of Ki & x304  lauea Volcano in May 2018, anomalously high rainfall increased the pore pressure in the subsurface to its highest level in 50 years, causing weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice.


  
Effects of livestock grazing on grassland carbon storage and release override impacts associated with global climate change 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019, 25 (3) : 1119-1132
作者:  Zhou, Guiyao;  Luo, Qin;  Chen, Yajie;  He, Miao;  Zhou, Lingyan;  Frank, Douglas;  He, Yanghui;  Fu, Yuling;  Zhang, Baocheng;  Zhou, Xuhui
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
C-climate feedback  drought  elevated CO2  increased precipitation  N fertilization  soil respiration  warming  
Elevated CO2 does not stimulate carbon sink in a semi-arid grassland 期刊论文
ECOLOGY LETTERS, 2019, 22 (3) : 458-468
作者:  Song, Jian;  Wan, Shiqiang;  Piao, Shilong;  Hui, Dafeng;  Hovenden, Mark J.;  Ciais, Philippe;  Liu, Yongwen;  Liu, Yinzhan;  Zhong, Mingxing;  Zheng, Mengmei;  Ma, Gaigai;  Zhou, Zhenxing;  Ru, Jingyi
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Carbon cycle  climate warming  CO2 enrichment  forb  grass  increased precipitation  modelling  multi-factor experiment  nitrogen addition  species composition  
Responses of seedling performance to altered seasonal precipitation in a secondary tropical forest, southern China 期刊论文
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2018, 410: 27-34
作者:  Wang, Jun;  Sun, Zhongyu;  Hui, Dafeng;  Yang, Long;  Wang, Faming;  Liu, Nan;  Ren, Hai
收藏  |  浏览/下载:9/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
Biomass accumulation  Extended dry season  Forest regeneration  Increased precipitation  Nutrient uptake  
Simple additive simulation overestimates real influence: altered nitrogen and rainfall modulate the effect of warming on soil carbon fluxes 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2017, 23 (8)
作者:  Ni, Xiangyin;  Yang, Wanqin;  Qi, Zemin;  Liao, Shu;  Xu, Zhenfeng;  Tan, Bo;  Wang, Bin;  Wu, Qinggui;  Fu, Changkun;  You, Chengming;  Wu, Fuzhong
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/09
additive effect  climate warming  drought  increased precipitation  interaction  multifactorial experiment  nitrogen deposition  soil carbon fluxes