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美研究人员发现从工业时代开始冷水浮游生物急剧减少 快报文章
资源环境快报，2020年第9期
作者:  牛艺博
Microsoft Word(16Kb)  |  收藏  |  浏览/下载：352/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/15
The industrial age  Iceland  Cold water plankton  
Hydrothermal (NN)-N-15-N-15 abundances constrain the origins of mantle nitrogen 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7803) : 367-+
作者:  Zhao, Steven;  Jang, Cholsoon;  Liu, Joyce;  Uehara, Kahealani;  Gilbert, Michael;  Izzo, Luke;  Zeng, Xianfeng;  Trefely, Sophie;  Fernandez, Sully;  Carrer, Alessandro;  Miller, Katelyn D.;  Schug, Zachary T.;  Snyder, Nathaniel W.;  Gade, Terence P.;  Titchenell, Paul M.;  Rabinowitz, Joshua D.;  Wellen, Kathryn E.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：14/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/13

Nitrogen is the main constituent of the Earth'  s atmosphere, but its provenance in the Earth'  s mantle remains uncertain. The relative contribution of primordial nitrogen inherited during the Earth'  s accretion versus that subducted from the Earth'  s surface is unclear(1-6). Here we show that the mantle may have retained remnants of such primordial nitrogen. We use the rare (NN)-N-15-N-15 isotopologue of N-2 as a new tracer of air contamination in volcanic gas effusions. By constraining air contamination in gases from Iceland, Eifel (Germany) and Yellowstone (USA), we derive estimates of mantle delta N-15 (the fractional difference in N-15/N-14 from air), N-2/Ar-36 and N-2/He-3. Our results show that negative delta N-15 values observed in gases, previously regarded as indicating a mantle origin for nitrogen(7-10), in fact represent dominantly air-derived N-2 that experienced N-15/N-14 fractionation in hydrothermal systems. Using two-component mixing models to correct for this effect, the (NN)-N-15-N-15 data allow extrapolations that characterize mantle endmember delta N-15, N-2/Ar-36 and N-2/He-3 values. We show that the Eifel region has slightly increased delta N-15 and N-2/Ar-36 values relative to estimates for the convective mantle provided by mid-ocean-ridge basalts(11), consistent with subducted nitrogen being added to the mantle source. In contrast, we find that whereas the Yellowstone plume has delta N-15 values substantially greater than that of the convective mantle, resembling surface components(12-15), its N-2/Ar-36 and N-2/He-3 ratios are indistinguishable from those of the convective mantle. This observation raises the possibility that the plume hosts a primordial component. We provide a test of the subduction hypothesis with a two-box model, describing the evolution of mantle and surface nitrogen through geological time. We show that the effect of subduction on the deep nitrogen cycle may be less important than has been suggested by previous investigations. We propose instead that high mid-ocean-ridge basalt and plume delta N-15 values may both be dominantly primordial features.


  
Structure and evolution of cod quota market networks in Iceland over times of financial volatility 期刊论文
ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS, 2019, 159: 279-290
作者:  Oostdijk, Maartje;  Santos, Maria J.;  Agnarsson, Sveinn;  Woods, Pamela J.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：4/0  |  提交时间：2019/11/26
Quota markets  Market-based-instruments  Cod fishery  Iceland  Social network analysis  Exponential random graph  
Persistence of observed air temperatures in Iceland 期刊论文
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 2019, 39 (3) : 1262-1275
作者:  Degenhardt, Lisa;  Olafsson, Haraldur
收藏  |  浏览/下载：5/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
Iceland  monthly mean temperature  persistence  subseasonal forecasting  
A natural heating experiment: Phenotypic and genotypic responses of plant phenology to geothermal soil warming 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2019, 25 (3) : 954-962
作者:  Valdes, Alicia;  Marteinsdottir, Bryndis;  Ehrlen, Johan
收藏  |  浏览/下载：3/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
climatic variation  geothermal ecosystems  Iceland  local adaptation  microclimate  phenotypic plasticity  phenotypic selection  plant phenology  
EROI and the Icelandic society 期刊论文
ENERGY POLICY, 2018, 120: 52-57
作者:  Atlason, Reynir Smari
收藏  |  浏览/下载：3/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
EROI  Iceland  Resource quality  
Phenological responses of Icelandic subarctic grasslands to short-term and long-term natural soil warming 期刊论文
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2017, 23 (11)
作者:  Leblans, Niki I. W.;  Sigurdsson, Bjarni D.;  Vicca, Sara;  Fu, Yongshuo;  Penuelas, Josep;  Janssens, Ivan A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：6/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/09
climate change  geothermal warming  Iceland  normalized difference vegetation index  phenology  subarctic grassland  
Rivers and Lakes in European Cities----Past and Future Challenges 科技报告
来源：Ecologic Institute (EU). 出版年： 2016
作者:  Dr. Eleftheria Kampa;  Gerardo Anzaldúa
收藏  |  浏览/下载：20/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/05
urban  water management  river restoration  urban planning  water pollution  water quality  freshwater  river  lake  city  Albania  Austria  Belgium  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Bulgaria  Croatia  Cyprus  Czechia  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Iceland  Ireland  Italy  Kosovo  Latvia  Liechtenstein  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Macedonia  Malta  Montenegro  Netherlands  Norway  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Serbia  Slovakia  Slovenia  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland  Turkey  United Kingdom  Europe  case study  
Plastic ingestion by northern fulmars, Fulmarus glacialis, in Svalbard and Iceland, and relationships between plastic ingestion and contaminant uptake 科技报告
来源：Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo (CICERO). 出版年： 2015
作者:  Trevail, Alice M.;  Gabrielsen, Geir Wing;  Kühn, Susanne;  Bock, Anja;  Van Franeker, Jan A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：2/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/05
plastic contaminants fulmar svalbard iceland ingestion  
Report of the individual review of the annual submission of Iceland submitted in 2011 科技报告
来源：World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年： 2011
作者:  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
收藏  |  浏览/下载：5/0  |  提交时间：2019/04/05
Observations  Observational records  Greenhouse gas (GHG)  Iceland