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CRISPR screen in regulatory T cells reveals modulators of Foxp3 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020
作者:  Xu, Daqian;  Wang, Zheng;  Xia, Yan;  Shao, Fei;  Xia, Weiya;  Wei, Yongkun;  Li, Xinjian;  Qian, Xu;  Lee, Jong-Ho;  Du, Linyong;  Zheng, Yanhua;  Lv, Guishuai;  Leu, Jia-shiun;  Wang, Hongyang;  Xing, Dongming;  Liang, Tingbo;  Hung, Mien-Chie;  Lu, Zhimin
收藏  |  浏览/下载:33/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Regulatory T (T-reg) cells are required to control immune responses and maintain homeostasis, but are a significant barrier to antitumour immunity(1). Conversely, T-reg instability, characterized by loss of the master transcription factor Foxp3 and acquisition of proinflammatory properties(2), can promote autoimmunity and/or facilitate more effective tumour immunity(3,4). A comprehensive understanding of the pathways that regulate Foxp3 could lead to more effective T-reg therapies for autoimmune disease and cancer. The availability of new functional genetic tools has enabled the possibility of systematic dissection of the gene regulatory programs that modulate Foxp3 expression. Here we developed a CRISPR-based pooled screening platform for phenotypes in primary mouse T-reg cells and applied this technology to perform a targeted loss-of-function screen of around 500 nuclear factors to identify gene regulatory programs that promote or disrupt Foxp3 expression. We identified several modulators of Foxp3 expression, including ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (Usp22) and ring finger protein 20 (Rnf20). Usp22, a member of the deubiquitination module of the SAGA chromatin-modifying complex, was revealed to be a positive regulator that stabilized Foxp3 expression  whereas the screen suggested that Rnf20, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, can serve as a negative regulator of Foxp3. T-reg-specific ablation of Usp22 in mice reduced Foxp3 protein levels and caused defects in their suppressive function that led to spontaneous autoimmunity but protected against tumour growth in multiple cancer models. Foxp3 destabilization in Usp22-deficient T-reg cells could be rescued by ablation of Rnf20, revealing a reciprocal ubiquitin switch in T-reg cells. These results reveal previously unknown modulators of Foxp3 and demonstrate a screening method that can be broadly applied to discover new targets for T-reg immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune disease.


A CRISPR-based screening platform was used to identify previously uncharacterized genes that regulate the regulatory T cell-specific master transcription factor Foxp3, indicating that this screening method may be broadly applicable for the discovery of other genes involved in autoimmunity and immune responses to cancer.


  
Notch signalling drives synovial fibroblast identity and arthritis pathology 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 582 (7811) : 259-+
作者:  Han, Xiaoping;  Zhou, Ziming;  Fei, Lijiang;  Sun, Huiyu;  Wang, Renying;  Chen, Yao;  Chen, Haide;  Wang, Jingjing;  Tang, Huanna;  Ge, Wenhao;  Zhou, Yincong;  Ye, Fang;  Jiang, Mengmeng;  Wu, Junqing;  Xiao, Yanyu;  Jia, Xiaoning;  Zhang, Tingyue;  Ma, Xiaojie;  Zhang, Qi;  Bai, Xueli;  Lai, Shujing;  Yu, Chengxuan;  Zhu, Lijun;  Lin, Rui;  Gao, Yuchi;  Wang, Min;  Wu, Yiqing;  Zhang, Jianming;  Zhan, Renya;  Zhu, Saiyong;  Hu, Hailan;  Wang, Changchun;  Chen, Ming;  Huang, He;  Liang, Tingbo;  Chen, Jianghua;  Wang, Weilin;  Zhang, Dan;  Guo, Guoji
收藏  |  浏览/下载:42/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

NOTCH3 signalling is shown to be the underlying driver of the differentiation and expansion of a subset of synovial fibroblasts implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.


The synovium is a mesenchymal tissue composed mainly of fibroblasts, with a lining and sublining that surround the joints. In rheumatoid arthritis the synovial tissue undergoes marked hyperplasia, becomes inflamed and invasive, and destroys the joint(1,2). It has recently been shown that a subset of fibroblasts in the sublining undergoes a major expansion in rheumatoid arthritis that is linked to disease activity(3-5)  however, the molecular mechanism by which these fibroblasts differentiate and expand is unknown. Here we identify a critical role for NOTCH3 signalling in the differentiation of perivascular and sublining fibroblasts that express CD90 (encoded by THY1). Using single-cell RNA sequencing and synovial tissue organoids, we found that NOTCH3 signalling drives both transcriptional and spatial gradients-emanating from vascular endothelial cells outwards-in fibroblasts. In active rheumatoid arthritis, NOTCH3 and Notch target genes are markedly upregulated in synovial fibroblasts. In mice, the genetic deletion of Notch3 or the blockade of NOTCH3 signalling attenuates inflammation and prevents joint damage in inflammatory arthritis. Our results indicate that synovial fibroblasts exhibit a positional identity that is regulated by endothelium-derived Notch signalling, and that this stromal crosstalk pathway underlies inflammation and pathology in inflammatory arthritis.