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印尼放宽镍矿以外的矿石出口政策 快报文章
地球科学快报，2021年第7期
作者:  刘学
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Indonesia  nickel  mining export rules  
Z-nucleic-acid sensing triggers ZBP1-dependent necroptosis and inflammation 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7803) : 391-+
作者:  Zhang, Zhibin;  Zhang, Ying;  Xia, Shiyu;  Kong, Qing;  Li, Shunying;  Liu, Xing;  Junqueira, Caroline;  Meza-Sosa, Karla F.;  Mok, Temy Mo Yin;  Ansara, James;  Sengupta, Satyaki;  Yao, Yandan;  Wu, Hao;  Lieberman, Judy
收藏  |  浏览/下载：12/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/03

The biological function of Z-DNA and Z-RNA, nucleic acid structures with a left-handed double helix, is poorly understood(1-3). Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1  also known as DAI or DLM-1) is a nucleic acid sensor that contains two Z alpha domains that bind Z-DNA(4,5) and Z-RNA(6-8). ZBP1 mediates host defence against some viruses(6,7,9-14) by sensing viral nucleic acids(6,7,10). RIPK1 deficiency, or mutation of its RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM), triggers ZBP1-dependent necroptosis and inflammation in mice(15,16). However, the mechanisms that induce ZBP1 activation in the absence of viral infection remain unknown. Here we show that Z alpha-dependent sensing of endogenous ligands induces ZBP1-mediated perinatal lethality in mice expressing RIPK1 with mutated RHIM (Ripk1(mR/mR)), skin inflammation in mice with epidermis-specific RIPK1 deficiency (RIPK1(E-KO)) and colitis in mice with intestinal epithelial-specific FADD deficiency (FADD(IEC-KO)). Consistently, functional Z alpha domains were required for ZBP1-induced necroptosis in fibroblasts that were treated with caspase inhibitors or express RIPK1 with mutated RHIM. Inhibition of nuclear export triggered the Z alpha-dependent activation of RIPK3 in the nucleus resulting in cell death, which suggests that ZBP1 may recognize nuclear Z-form nucleic acids. We found that ZBP1 constitutively bound cellular double-stranded RNA in a Z alpha-dependent manner. Complementary reads derived from endogenous retroelements were detected in epidermal RNA, which suggests that double-stranded RNA derived from these retroelements may act as a Z alpha-domain ligand that triggers the activation of ZBP1. Collectively, our results provide evidence that the sensing of endogenous Z-form nucleic acids by ZBP1 triggers RIPK3-dependent necroptosis and inflammation, which could underlie the development of chronic inflammatory conditions-particularly in individuals with mutations in RIPK1 and CASP8(17-20).


  
ATP13A2 deficiency disrupts lysosomal polyamine export 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7795) : 419-+
作者:  Nienhuis, J. H.;  Ashton, A. D.;  Edmonds, D. A.;  Hoitink, A. J. F.;  Kettner, A. J.;  Rowland, J. C.;  Tornqvist, T. E.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：6/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/03

ATP13A2 (PARK9) is a late endolysosomal transporter that is genetically implicated in a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including Kufor-Rakeb syndrome-a parkinsonism with dementia(1)-and early-onset Parkinson'  s disease(2). ATP13A2 offers protection against genetic and environmental risk factors of Parkinson'  s disease, whereas loss of ATP13A2 compromises lysosomes(3). However, the transport function of ATP13A2 in lysosomes remains unclear. Here we establish ATP13A2 as a lysosomal polyamine exporter that shows the highest affinity for spermine among the polyamines examined. Polyamines stimulate the activity of purified ATP13A2, whereas ATP13A2 mutants that are implicated in disease are functionally impaired to a degree that correlates with the disease phenotype. ATP13A2 promotes the cellular uptake of polyamines by endocytosis and transports them into the cytosol, highlighting a role for endolysosomes in the uptake of polyamines into cells. At high concentrations polyamines induce cell toxicity, which is exacerbated by ATP13A2 loss due to lysosomal dysfunction, lysosomal rupture and cathepsin B activation. This phenotype is recapitulated in neurons and nematodes with impaired expression of ATP13A2 or its orthologues. We present defective lysosomal polyamine export as a mechanism for lysosome-dependent cell death that may be implicated in neurodegeneration, and shed light on the molecular identity of the mammalian polyamine transport system.


The lysosomal polyamine transporter ATP13A2 controls the cellular polyamine content, and impaired lysosomal polyamine export represents a lysosome-dependent cell death pathway that may be implicated in ATP13A2-associated neurodegeneration.