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Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kilauea Volcano 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7804) : 491-+
作者:  Cloutier, Richard;  Clement, Alice M.;  Lee, Michael S. Y.;  Noel, Roxanne;  Bechard, Isabelle;  Roy, Vincent;  Long, John A.
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The May 2018 rift intrusion and eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'  i, represented one of its most extraordinary eruptive sequences in at least 200 years, yet the trigger mechanism remains elusive(1). The event was preceded by several months of anomalously high precipitation. It has been proposed that rainfall can modulate shallow volcanic activity(2,3), but it remains unknown whether it can have impacts at the greater depths associated with magma transport. Here we show that immediately before and during the eruption, infiltration of rainfall into Kilauea Volcano'  s subsurface increased pore pressure at depths of 1 to 3 kilometres by 0.1 to 1 kilopascals, to its highest pressure in almost 50 years. We propose that weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice was driven by changes in pore pressure within the rift zone, prompting opportunistic dyke intrusion and ultimately facilitating the eruption. A precipitation-induced eruption trigger is consistent with the lack of precursory summit inflation, showing that this intrusion-unlike others-was not caused by the forceful intrusion of new magma into the rift zone. Moreover, statistical analysis of historic eruption occurrence suggests that rainfall patterns contribute substantially to the timing and frequency of Kilauea'  s eruptions and intrusions. Thus, volcanic activity can be modulated by extreme rainfall triggering edifice rock failure-a factor that should be considered when assessing volcanic hazards. Notably, the increasingly extreme weather patterns associated with ongoing anthropogenic climate change could increase the potential for rainfall-triggered volcanic phenomena worldwide.


Immediately before and during the eruption of Ki & x304  lauea Volcano in May 2018, anomalously high rainfall increased the pore pressure in the subsurface to its highest level in 50 years, causing weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice.


  
Global estimates 2015: people displaced by disasters 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2015
作者:  Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre;  Norwegian Refugee Council
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Disaster Risk Management (DRM)  Earthquake  Flood  Volcanic Eruption  Urban zone  Social aspects  
Extreme geohazards: reducing the disaster risk and increasing resilience 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2015
作者:  European Science Foundation (ESF);  Geohazard Community of Practice (GHCP);  Group on Earth Observations
收藏  |  浏览/下载:10/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Early warning systems  Hazard risk assessment or analysis  Severe cold  Drought  Earthquake  Flood  Heat wave  Landslide  Tsunami  Volcanic Eruption  
Sharing what works: south-south cooperation for disaster risk reduction in the Caribbean 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2015
作者:  United Nations Development Programme
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Disaster Risk Management (DRM)  Cyclone  Drought  Flood  Volcanic Eruption  Wildfire  British Caribbean Territories  Cuba  Dominican Republic  Guyana  Jamaica  Trinidad and Tobago  
Extreme geohazards 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2015
作者:  European Science Foundation (ESF);  Geohazard Community of Practice (GHCP);  Group on Earth Observations
收藏  |  浏览/下载:7/0  |  提交时间:2019/04/05
Early warning systems  Hazard risk assessment or analysis  Severe cold  Drought  Earthquake  Flood  Heat wave  Landslide  Tsunami  Volcanic Eruption  
Topics geo natural catastrophes 2012: analyses, assessments, positions 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2013
作者:  UNEP Ris? Centre
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Natural hazards  Climate change  Severe cold  Tropical cyclone  Drought  Earthquake  Flood  Heat wave  Landslide  Tornado  Tsunami  Volcanic Eruption  Wildfire  Statistics  - International  
Flight safety and volcanic ash: risk management of flight operations with known or forecast volcanic ash contamination (advance edition, unedited) 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2012
作者:  International Civil Aviation Organization
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Natural hazards  Aeronautical meteorology  Volcanic Eruption  - International  
City resilience in Africa: a ten essentials pilot 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2012
作者:  Melissa Permezel;  Oscar Ebalu;  United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
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Capacity-building  Disaster Risk Management (DRM)  Early warning systems  Hazard risk assessment or analysis  Disasters - Sectoral planning  Drought  Flood  Volcanic Eruption  Urban zone  Region I - Africa  Kenya  United Republic of Tanza  
Reducing risk of future disasters: priorities for decision makers 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2012
作者:  Foresight, Goverment Office for Science
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Natural hazards  Disaster Risk Management (DRM)  Early warning systems  Hazard risk assessment or analysis  Tropical cyclone  Drought  Flood  Earthquake  Landslide  Tsunami  Volcanic Eruption  - International  
Disaster risk reduction in school curricula: case studies from thirty countries 科技报告
来源:World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 出版年: 2012
作者:  David Selby;  Fumiyo Kagawa;  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization;  United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (Switzerland)
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Capacity-building  Education  Natural hazards  Avalanche  Severe cold  Tropical cyclone  Drought  Earthquake  Flood  Heat wave  Locust infestation  Landslide  Tornado  Tsunami  Volcanic Eruption  Wildfire  Angola  Armenia  Banglade