资源环境科技发展态势分析平台

Strain engineering is a powerful tool with which to enhance semiconductor device performance(1,2). Halide perovskites have shown great promise in device applications owing to their remarkable electronic and optoelectronic properties(3-5). Although applying strain to halide perovskites has been frequently attempted, including using hydrostatic pressurization(6-8), electrostriction(9), annealing(10-12), van der Waals force(13), thermal expansion mismatch(14), and heat-induced substrate phase transition(15), the controllable and device-compatible strain engineering of halide perovskites by chemical epitaxy remains a challenge, owing to the absence of suitable lattice-mismatched epitaxial substrates. Here we report the strained epitaxial growth of halide perovskite single-crystal thin films on lattice-mismatched halide perovskite substrates. We investigated strain engineering of a-formamidinium lead iodide (alpha-FAPbI(3)) using both experimental techniques and theoretical calculations. By tailoring the substrate composition-and therefore its lattice parameter-a compressive strain as high as 2.4 per cent is applied to the epitaxial alpha-FAPbI(3) thin film. We demonstrate that this strain effectively changes the crystal structure, reduces the bandgap and increases the hole mobility of alpha-FAPbI(3). Strained epitaxy is also shown to have a substantial stabilization effect on the alpha-FAPbI(3) phase owing to the synergistic effects of epitaxial stabilization and strain neutralization. As an example, strain engineering is applied to enhance the performance of an alpha-FAPbI(3)-based photodetector.

A key DNA-repair enzyme has a surprising role during the early steps in the assembly of ribosomes - the molecular machines that translate the genetic code into protein.

Asteroseismology probes the internal structures of stars by using their natural pulsation frequencies(1). It relies on identifying sequences of pulsation modes that can be compared with theoretical models, which has been done successfully for many classes of pulsators, including low-mass solar-type stars(2), red giants(3), high-mass stars(4) and white dwarfs(5). However, a large group of pulsating stars of intermediate mass-the so-called delta Scuti stars-have rich pulsation spectra for which systematic mode identification has not hitherto been possible(6,7). This arises because only a seemingly random subset of possible modes are excited and because rapid rotation tends to spoil regular patterns(8-10). Here we report the detection of remarkably regular sequences of high-frequency pulsation modes in 60 intermediate-mass main-sequence stars, which enables definitive mode identification. The space motions of some of these stars indicate that they are members of known associations of young stars, as confirmed by modelling of their pulsation spectra.

The pulsation spectra of intermediate-mass stars (so-called delta Scuti stars) have been challenging to analyse, but new observations of 60 such stars reveal remarkably regular sequences of high-frequency pulsation modes.