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A Biden Climate Policy for Agri-Food Systems Must Confound Traditional Policy Categories If It Is Going to Work 科技报告
来源：Center for Strategic & International Studies. 出版年： 2020
作者:  Christian Man
收藏  |  浏览/下载：5/0  |  提交时间：2020/11/24
In a warming climate, can birds take the heat? 新闻
来源平台：EurekAlert. 发布日期：2020
作者:  admin
收藏  |  浏览/下载：4/0  |  提交时间：2020/11/20
The Arctic is transitioning into a new climate state 新闻
来源平台：National Center of Atmospheric Research. 发布日期：2020
作者:  admin
收藏  |  浏览/下载：4/0  |  提交时间：2020/09/22
The revolt of the plants: The arctic melts when plants stop breathing 新闻
来源平台：EurekAlert. 发布日期：2020
作者:  admin
收藏  |  浏览/下载：0/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/15
Seasonal hysteresis of surface urban heat islands 期刊论文
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2020, 117 (13) : 7082-7089
作者:  Manoli, Gabriele;  Fatichi, Simone;  Bou-Zeid, Elie;  Katul, Gabriel G.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：15/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/13
cities  hysteresis  seasonality  surface temperature  urban heat island  
The past and future of global river ice 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 69-+
作者:  Yang, Xiao;  Pavelsky, Tamlin M.;  Allen, George H.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：6/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/13

More than one-third of Earth'  s landmass is drained by rivers that seasonally freeze over. Ice transforms the hydrologic(1,2), ecologic(3,4), climatic(5) and socio-economic(6-8) functions of river corridors. Although river ice extent has been shown to be declining in many regions of the world(1), the seasonality, historical change and predicted future changes in river ice extent and duration have not yet been quantified globally. Previous studies of river ice, which suggested that declines in extent and duration could be attributed to warming temperatures(9,10), were based on data from sparse locations. Furthermore, existing projections of future ice extent are based solely on the location of the 0-degrees C isotherm11. Here, using satellite observations, we show that the global extent of river ice is declining, and we project a mean decrease in seasonal ice duration of 6.10 +/- 0.08 days per 1-degrees C increase in global mean surface air temperature. We tracked the extent of river ice using over 400,000 clear-sky Landsat images spanning 1984-2018 and observed a mean decline of 2.5 percentage points globally in the past three decades. To project future changes in river ice extent, we developed an observationally calibrated and validated model, based on temperature and season, which reduced the mean bias by 87 per cent compared with the 0-degree-Celsius isotherm approach. We applied this model to future climate projections for 2080-2100: compared with 2009-2029, the average river ice duration declines by 16.7 days under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, whereas under RCP 4.5 it declines on average by 7.3 days. Our results show that, globally, river ice is measurably declining and will continue to decline linearly with projected increases in surface air temperature towards the end of this century.