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Variability of the aridity index and related drought parameters in Greece using climatological data over the last century (1900-1997) 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 240
作者:  Tsiros, Ioannis X.;  Nastos, Panagiotis;  Proutsos, Nikolaos D.;  Tsaousidis, Alexandros
收藏  |  浏览/下载:16/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/18
Drought  Aridity index  Mediterranean basin  Climate variability  Thornthwaite water balance model  
Sm-Nd isochron dating and geochemical (rare earth elements, Sr-87/Sr-86, delta O-18, delta C-13) characterization of calcite veins in the Jiaoshiba shale gas field, China: Implications for the mechanisms of vein formation in shale gas systems 期刊论文
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN, 2020, 132 (7-8) : 1722-1740
作者:  Gao, Jian;  He, Sheng;  Zhao, Jian-xin;  He, Zhiliang;  Wu, Changwu;  Fen, Yuexing;  Ai Duc Nguyen;  Zhou, Jiaxi;  Yi, Zhixing
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2020/08/18
Development of advanced artificial intelligence models for daily rainfall prediction 期刊论文
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2020, 237
作者:  Binh Thai Pham;  Lu Minh Le;  Tien-Thinh Le;  Kien-Trinh Thi Bui;  Vuong Minh Le;  Hai-Bang Ly;  Prakash, Indra
收藏  |  浏览/下载:11/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Rainfall  Artificial Neural Networks  Robustness analysis  Support Vector Machines  Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System  Particle Swarm Optimization  
A developmental landscape of 3D-cultured human pre-gastrulation embryos 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7791) : 537-+
作者:  Xiang, Lifeng;  Yin, Yu;  Zheng, Yun;  Ma, Yanping;  Li, Yonggang;  Zhao, Zhigang;  Guo, Junqiang;  Ai, Zongyong;  Niu, Yuyu;  Duan, Kui;  He, Jingjing;  Ren, Shuchao;  Wu, Dan;  Bai, Yun;  Shang, Zhouchun;  Dai, Xi;  Ji, Weizhi;  Li, Tianqing
收藏  |  浏览/下载:12/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Our understanding of how human embryos develop before gastrulation, including spatial self-organization and cell type ontogeny, remains limited by available two-dimensional technological platforms(1,2) that do not recapitulate the in vivo conditions(3-5). Here we report a three-dimensional (3D) blastocyst-culture system that enables human blastocyst development up to the primitive streak anlage stage. These 3D embryos mimic developmental landmarks and 3D architectures in vivo, including the embryonic disc, amnion, basement membrane, primary and primate unique secondary yolk sac, formation of anterior-posterior polarity and primitive streak anlage. Using single-cell transcriptome profiling, we delineate ontology and regulatory networks that underlie the segregation of epiblast, primitive endoderm and trophoblast. Compared with epiblasts, the amniotic epithelium shows unique and characteristic phenotypes. After implantation, specific pathways and transcription factors trigger the differentiation of cytotrophoblasts, extravillous cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts. Epiblasts undergo a transition to pluripotency upon implantation, and the transcriptome of these cells is maintained until the generation of the primitive streak anlage. These developmental processes are driven by different pluripotency factors. Together, findings from our 3D-culture approach help to determine the molecular and morphogenetic developmental landscape that occurs during human embryogenesis.


A 3D culture system to model human embryonic development, together with single-cell transcriptome profiling, provides insights into the molecular developmental landscape during human post-implantation embryogenesis.


  
International evaluation of an AI system for breast cancer screening 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7788) : 89-+
作者:  McKinney, Scott Mayer;  Sieniek, Marcin;  Godbole, Varun;  Godwin, Jonathan;  Antropova, Natasha;  Ashrafian, Hutan;  Back, Trevor;  Chesus, Mary;  Corrado, Greg C.;  Darzi, Ara;  Etemadi, Mozziyar;  Garcia-Vicente, Florencia;  Gilbert, Fiona J.;  Halling-Brown, Mark;  Hassabis, Demis;  Jansen, Sunny;  Karthikesalingam, Alan;  Kelly, Christopher J.;  King, Dominic;  Ledsam, Joseph R.;  Melnick, David;  Mostofi, Hormuz;  Peng, Lily;  Reicher, Joshua Jay;  Romera-Paredes, Bernardino;  Sidebottom, Richard;  Suleyman, Mustafa;  Tse, Daniel;  Young, Kenneth C.;  De Fauw, Jeffrey;  Shetty, Shravya
收藏  |  浏览/下载:15/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Screening mammography aims to identify breast cancer at earlier stages of the disease, when treatment can be more successful(1). Despite the existence of screening programmes worldwide, the interpretation of mammograms is affected by high rates of false positives and false negatives(2). Here we present an artificial intelligence (AI) system that is capable of surpassing human experts in breast cancer prediction. To assess its performance in the clinical setting, we curated a large representative dataset from the UK and a large enriched dataset from the USA. We show an absolute reduction of 5.7% and 1.2% (USA and UK) in false positives and 9.4% and 2.7% in false negatives. We provide evidence of the ability of the system to generalize from the UK to the USA. In an independent study of six radiologists, the AI system outperformed all of the human readers: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for the AI system was greater than the AUC-ROC for the average radiologist by an absolute margin of 11.5%. We ran a simulation in which the AI system participated in the double-reading process that is used in the UK, and found that the AI system maintained non-inferior performance and reduced the workload of the second reader by 88%. This robust assessment of the AI system paves the way for clinical trials to improve the accuracy and efficiency of breast cancer screening.


  
EXPRESSION OF DOUBT 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 578 (7796) : 502-504
作者:  Benton, Donald J.;  Gamblin, Steven J.;  Rosenthal, Peter B.;  Skehel, John J.
收藏  |  浏览/下载:4/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Although AI companies market software for recognizing emotions in faces, psychologists debate whether expressions can be read so easily.


Although AI companies market software for recognizing emotions in faces, psychologists debate whether expressions can be read so easily.


  
LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of low-U garnets reveals multiple episodes of skarn formation in the volcanic-hosted iron mineralization system, Awulale belt, Central Asia 期刊论文
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN, 2020, 132 (5-6) : 1031-1045
作者:  Yan, Shuang;  Zhou, Renjie;  Niu, He-Cai;  Feng, Yue-xing;  Ai Duc Nguyen;  Zhao, Zhen-hua;  Yang, Wu-Bin;  Dong, Qian;  Zhao, Jian-xin
收藏  |  浏览/下载:19/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of low-U garnets reveals multiple episodes of skarn formation in the volcanic-hosted iron mineralization system, Awulale belt, Central Asia (vol 132, pg 1031, 2020) 期刊论文
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN, 2020, 132 (5-6) : 1046-1046
作者:  Yan, Shuang;  Zhou, Renjie;  Niu, He-Cai;  Feng, Yue-xing;  Ai Duc Nguyen;  Zhao, Zhen-hua;  Yang, Wu-Bin;  Dong, Qian;  Zhao, Jian-xin
收藏  |  浏览/下载:17/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/02
Somatic inflammatory gene mutations in human ulcerative colitis epithelium 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 577 (7789) : 254-+
作者:  Nanki, Kosaku;  Fujii, Masayuki;  Shimokawa, Mariko;  Matano, Mami;  Nishikori, Shingo;  Date, Shoichi;  Takano, Ai;  Toshimitsu, Kohta;  Ohta, Yuki;  Takahashi, Sirirat;  Sugimoto, Shinya;  Ishimaru, Kazuhiro;  Kawasaki, Kenta;  Nagai, Yoko;  Ishii, Ryota;  Yoshida, Kosuke;  Sasaki, Nobuo;  Hibi, Toshifumi;  Ishihara, Soichiro;  Kanai, Takanori;  Sato, Toshiro
收藏  |  浏览/下载:14/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

With ageing, normal human tissues experience an expansion of somatic clones that carry cancer mutations(1-7). However, whether such clonal expansion exists in the non-neoplastic intestine remains unknown. Here, using whole-exome sequencing data from 76 clonal human colon organoids, we identify a unique pattern of somatic mutagenesis in the inflamed epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis. The affected epithelium accumulates somatic mutations in multiple genes that are related to IL-17 signalling-including NFKBIZ, ZC3H12A and PIGR, which are genes that are rarely affected in colon cancer. Targeted sequencing validates the pervasive spread of mutations that are related to IL-17 signalling. Unbiased CRISPR-based knockout screening in colon organoids reveals that the mutations confer resistance to the proapoptotic response that is induced by IL-17A. Some of these genetic mutations are known to exacerbate experimental colitis in mice(8-11), and somatic mutagenesis in human colon epithelium may be causally linked to the inflammatory process. Our findings highlight a genetic landscape that adapts to a hostile microenvironment, and demonstrate its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.


  
AI tracks a beating heart's function over time 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7802)
作者:  Ball, Philip
收藏  |  浏览/下载:8/0  |  提交时间:2020/07/03

Clinicians use ultrasound videos of heartbeats to assess subtle changes in the heart'  s pumping function. A method that uses artificial intelligence might simplify these complex assessments when heartbeats are out of rhythm.