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Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kilauea Volcano 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7804) : 491-+
作者:  Cloutier, Richard;  Clement, Alice M.;  Lee, Michael S. Y.;  Noel, Roxanne;  Bechard, Isabelle;  Roy, Vincent;  Long, John A.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：35/0  |  提交时间：2020/05/13

The May 2018 rift intrusion and eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'  i, represented one of its most extraordinary eruptive sequences in at least 200 years, yet the trigger mechanism remains elusive(1). The event was preceded by several months of anomalously high precipitation. It has been proposed that rainfall can modulate shallow volcanic activity(2,3), but it remains unknown whether it can have impacts at the greater depths associated with magma transport. Here we show that immediately before and during the eruption, infiltration of rainfall into Kilauea Volcano'  s subsurface increased pore pressure at depths of 1 to 3 kilometres by 0.1 to 1 kilopascals, to its highest pressure in almost 50 years. We propose that weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice was driven by changes in pore pressure within the rift zone, prompting opportunistic dyke intrusion and ultimately facilitating the eruption. A precipitation-induced eruption trigger is consistent with the lack of precursory summit inflation, showing that this intrusion-unlike others-was not caused by the forceful intrusion of new magma into the rift zone. Moreover, statistical analysis of historic eruption occurrence suggests that rainfall patterns contribute substantially to the timing and frequency of Kilauea'  s eruptions and intrusions. Thus, volcanic activity can be modulated by extreme rainfall triggering edifice rock failure-a factor that should be considered when assessing volcanic hazards. Notably, the increasingly extreme weather patterns associated with ongoing anthropogenic climate change could increase the potential for rainfall-triggered volcanic phenomena worldwide.


Immediately before and during the eruption of Ki & x304  lauea Volcano in May 2018, anomalously high rainfall increased the pore pressure in the subsurface to its highest level in 50 years, causing weakening and mechanical failure of the edifice.


  
Short-term tests validate long-term estimates of climate change 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 582 (7811) : 185-186
作者:  Tollefson, Jeff
收藏  |  浏览/下载：12/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/03

Climate sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 levels is likely to be high.


Six-hour weather forecasts have been used to validate estimates of climate change hundreds of years from now. Such tests have great potential - but only if our weather-forecasting and climate-prediction systems are unified.


  
Mission to trace 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 581 (7806) : 18-18
作者:  Cyranoski, David
收藏  |  浏览/下载：7/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/03

Fearing an economic crisis of unprecedented proportions, Jim Yong Kim is rolling out a plan to halt the pandemic rather than weather it out.


Fearing an economic crisis of unprecedented proportions, Jim Yong Kim is rolling out a plan to halt the pandemic rather than weather it out. Jim Yong Kim at an annual meeting for World Bank, which he led from 2012-2019.


  
COVID-19 COULD RUIN WEATHER FORECASTS AND CLIMATE RECORDS 期刊论文
NATURE, 2020, 580 (7804) : 440-441
作者:  Bruno, Tullia C.
收藏  |  浏览/下载：6/0  |  提交时间：2020/07/03

As climate- and ecological-monitoring projects go dark, data that stretch back for decades will soon contain coronavirus-associated gaps.


As climate- and ecological-monitoring projects go dark, data that stretch back for decades will soon contain coronavirus-associated gaps.


  
The weather observers on climate change's front lines 期刊论文
NATURE, 2019, 573 (7774) : 317-318
作者:  Witze, Alexandra
收藏  |  浏览/下载：1/0  |  提交时间：2019/11/27