Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.003 |
From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900-2015 | |
Krausmann, Fridolin; Lauk, Christian; Haas, Willi; Wiedenhofer, Dominik | |
2018-09-01 | |
发表期刊 | GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS |
ISSN | 0959-3780 |
EISSN | 1872-9495 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 52页码:131-140 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Austria |
英文摘要 | The size and structure of the socioeconomic metabolism are key for the planet's sustainability. In this article, we provide a consistent assessment of the development of material flows through the global economy in the period 1900-2015 using material flow accounting in combination with results from dynamic stock-flow modelling. Based on this approach, we can trace materials from extraction to their use, their accumulation in in-use stocks and finally to outflows of wastes and emissions and provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of societies metabolism during global industrialization. This enables outlooks on inflows and outflows, which environmental policy makers require for pursuing strategies towards a more sustainable resource use. Over the whole time period, we observe a growth in global material extraction by a factor of 12 to 89 Gt/yr. A shift from materials for dissipative use to stock building materials resulted in a massive increase of in-use stocks of materials to 961 Gt in 2015. Since materials increasingly accumulate in stocks, outflows of wastes are growing at a slower pace than inputs. In 2015, outflows amounted to 58 Gt/yr, of which 35% were solid wastes and 25% emissions, the reminder being excrements, dissipative use and water vapor. Our results indicate a significant acceleration of global material flows since the beginning of the 21st century. We show that this acceleration, which took off in 2002, was not a short-term phenomenon but continues since more than a decade. Between 2002 and 2015, global material extraction increased by 53% in spite of the 2008 economic crisis. Based on detailed data on material stocks and flows and information on their long-term historic development, we make a rough estimate of what a global convergence of metabolic patterns at the current level in industrialized countries paired with a continuation of past efficiency gains might imply for global material demand. We find that in such a scenario until 2050 average global metabolic rates double to 22 t/cap/yr and material extraction increases to around 218 Gt/yr. Overall the analysis indicates a grand challenge calling for urgent action, fostering a continuous and considerable reduction of material flows to acceptable levels. |
英文关键词 | Material flow accounting Sustainable resource use Waste and emissions In-use material stocks Great acceleration Dematerialization |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E ; SSCI |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000449444900013 |
WOS关键词 | NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION ; HUMAN APPROPRIATION ; SOCIAL METABOLISM ; MATERIAL FLOWS ; STOCKS ; INDICATORS ; PATTERNS ; TRANSITIONS ; EFFICIENCY ; IMPACT |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Studies ; Geography |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Geography |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/38006 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Dept Econ & Social Sci, Inst Social Ecol SEC, Schottenfeldgasse 29, A-1070 Vienna, Austria |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Krausmann, Fridolin,Lauk, Christian,Haas, Willi,et al. From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900-2015[J]. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS,2018,52:131-140. |
APA | Krausmann, Fridolin,Lauk, Christian,Haas, Willi,&Wiedenhofer, Dominik.(2018).From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900-2015.GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS,52,131-140. |
MLA | Krausmann, Fridolin,et al."From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900-2015".GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS 52(2018):131-140. |
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