Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.09.002 |
The cost and distribution of forest conservation for national emissions reductions | |
Sloan, Sean1; Zamora Pereira, Juan Carlos2,3; Labbate, Gabriel4; Asner, Gregory P.5; Imbach, Pablo2,6 | |
2018-11-01 | |
发表期刊 | GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS |
ISSN | 0959-3780 |
EISSN | 1872-9495 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 53页码:39-51 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Australia; Costa Rica; Germany; Panama; USA; Vietnam |
英文摘要 | Tropical forest conservation for carbon-emission reductions (REDD +) has historically been implemented in a highly localized, directed manner, which is quickly proving unamenable to the transition towards national-scale REDD + implementation. National REDD + forest conservation schemes would arguably ideally adopt more spatially dispersed, voluntary and, presumably, cost-efficient modes. Yet the actual benefit of doing so is uncertain, and the prospect of a renewed reliance on familiar, localized conservation schemes cannot be discounted. An ill-designed scheme threatens costly emission reductions and, ultimately, reduced commitments to emission reductions. Here, we integrate spatial projections of forest conversion and degradation with detailed field surveys of land-use revenues to model the cost efficiency of national conservation in Panama corresponding to three emission-reduction schemes: (i) disperse conservation amenable to voluntary, incentivised landholder participation, (ii) locally-concentrated, implicitly exogenous conservation interventions, and (iii) a middle ground between these two. Each scheme meets national emission-reduction targets (ERTs) of 5-50% of business as-usual emissions with minimal real land-use opportunity costs accounting for the uncertainties of land-use change. Real absolute opportunity costs are $4-$62 million for a 10% ERT and 20-year horizon but tend towards the lower quarter of this range. These costs are less than previously estimated and more amenable to current REDD + funding levels, albeit still apparently a challenge to offset given available REDD + funding and forest carbon-emission rates. While disperse conservation is invariably most economical according to our models, opportunity costs and efficiencies amongst schemes are relatively comparable for ERTs of <= 15%. This suggests that a continued reliance on REDD + 'projects' during early REDD + implementation may not entail undue inefficiencies. At ERTs of > 15%, opportunity costs increase more rapidly than cost efficiencies decrease, albeit less markedly for the disperse conservation scheme, recommending it for intermediate ERTs. Avoided forest degradation underpins emission-reduction efficiencies, particularly for disperse schemes and at lower ERTs, where it accounts for slightly over similar to 50% of avoided emissions. Still, conservation schemes preempt forest degradation less often than expected, considering its low economic value and large national extent, highlighting practical limits to efficient 'spatial targeting' of specific agricultural systems. Modelled REDD + conservation occurs disproportionately in indigenous territories, where opportunity costs are low. Hence most projected forest change / land use in indigenous territories is incorporated within conservation schemes by the 20% ERT. This highlights potential equity issues for least-cost conservation as well as the importance of Amerindian participation in national REDD + schemes. |
英文关键词 | REDD Forest degradation Panama Conservation Targeting PES Opportunity cost |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E ; SSCI |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000455061900004 |
WOS关键词 | LAND-USE CHANGE ; TROPICAL FOREST ; REDD PLUS ; ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES ; REDUCING EMISSIONS ; CARBON EMISSIONS ; DEFORESTATION ; DEGRADATION ; PAYMENTS ; AGRICULTURE |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Studies ; Geography |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Geography |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/37901 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia; 2.Int Ctr Trop Res & Educ CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica; 3.Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Forestry Econ & Forest Planning, Tennenbacher Str 4, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; 4.UN Environm, UN REDD Reg Off Latin Amer & Caribbean, Bldg 103, Panama City, Panama; 5.Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA; 6.Int Ctr Trop Agr, Consultat Grp Int Agr Res, Change Agr & Food Secur Unit, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Sloan, Sean,Zamora Pereira, Juan Carlos,Labbate, Gabriel,et al. The cost and distribution of forest conservation for national emissions reductions[J]. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS,2018,53:39-51. |
APA | Sloan, Sean,Zamora Pereira, Juan Carlos,Labbate, Gabriel,Asner, Gregory P.,&Imbach, Pablo.(2018).The cost and distribution of forest conservation for national emissions reductions.GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS,53,39-51. |
MLA | Sloan, Sean,et al."The cost and distribution of forest conservation for national emissions reductions".GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS 53(2018):39-51. |
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