Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aaeade |
The emergence of cannabis agriculture frontiers as environmental threats | |
Butsic, Van1; Carah, Jennifer K.2; Baumann, Matthias3; Stephens, Connor1; Brenner, Jacob C.4 | |
2018-12-01 | |
发表期刊 | ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS |
ISSN | 1748-9326 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 13期号:12 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | USA; Germany |
英文摘要 | On agricultural frontiers, minimal regulation and potential windfall profits drive opportunistic land use that often results in environmental damage. Cannabis, an increasingly decriminalized agricultural commodity in many places throughout the world, may now be creating new agricultural frontiers. We examined how cannabis frontiers have boomed in northern California, one of the United States' leading production areas. From 2012-2016 cannabis farms increased in number by 58%, cannabis plants increased by 183%, and the total area under cultivation increased by 91%. Growth in number of sites (80%), as well as in site size (56% per site) contributed to the observed expansion. Cannabis expansion took place in areas of high environmental sensitivity, including 80%-116% increases in cultivation sites near high-quality habitat for threatened and endangered salmonid fish species. Production increased by 40% on steep slopes, sites more than doubled near public lands, and increased by 44% in remote locations far from paved roads. Cannabis farm abandonment was modest, and driven primarily by farm size, not location within sensitive environments. To address policy and institutions for environmental protection, we examined state budget allocations for cannabis regulatory programs. These increased six-fold between 2012-2016 but remained very low relative to other regulatory programs. Production may expand on frontiers elsewhere in the world, and our results warn that without careful policy and institutional development these frontiers may pose environmental threats, even in locations with otherwise robust environmental laws and regulatory institutions. |
英文关键词 | drug policy marijuana environmental protection endangered species |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E ; SSCI |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000452549300002 |
WOS关键词 | CALIFORNIA ; CROP |
WOS类目 | Environmental Sciences ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/37565 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 130 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; 2.Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA; 3.Humboldt Univ, Geog Dept, Unter Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany; 4.Ithaca Coll, Dept Environm Studies & Sci, 953 Danby Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Butsic, Van,Carah, Jennifer K.,Baumann, Matthias,et al. The emergence of cannabis agriculture frontiers as environmental threats[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,2018,13(12). |
APA | Butsic, Van,Carah, Jennifer K.,Baumann, Matthias,Stephens, Connor,&Brenner, Jacob C..(2018).The emergence of cannabis agriculture frontiers as environmental threats.ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS,13(12). |
MLA | Butsic, Van,et al."The emergence of cannabis agriculture frontiers as environmental threats".ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS 13.12(2018). |
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