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DOI | 10.1007/s00382-016-3242-0 |
Heat and salt redistribution within the Mediterranean Sea in the Med-CORDEX model ensemble | |
Llasses, J.1; Jorda, G.1; Gomis, D.1; Adloff, F.2; Macias, D.3; Harzallah, A.4; Arsouze, T.5; Akthar, N.6; Li, L.5; Elizalde, A.7; Sannino, G.8 | |
2018-08-01 | |
发表期刊 | CLIMATE DYNAMICS |
ISSN | 0930-7575 |
EISSN | 1432-0894 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 51期号:3页码:1119-1143 |
文章类型 | Article |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Spain; France; Italy; Tunisia; Germany |
英文摘要 | Characterizing and understanding the basic functioning of the Mediterranean Sea in terms of heat and salt redistribution within the basin is a crucial issue to predict its evolution. Here we quantify and analyze the heat and salt transfers using a simple box model consisting of four layers in the vertical for each of the two (western and eastern) basins. Namely, we box-average 14 regional simulations of the Med-CORDEX ensemble plus a regional and a global reanalysis, computing for each of them the heat and salt exchanges between layers. First, we analyze in detail the mechanisms behind heat and salt redistribution at different time scales from the outputs of a single simulation (NEMOMED8). We show that in the western basin the transfer between layer 1 (0-150 m) and layer 2 (150-600 m) is upwards for most models both for heat and salt, while in the eastern basin both transfers are downwards. A feature common to both basins is that the transports are smaller in summer than in winter due to the enhanced stratification, which dampen the mixing between layers. From the comparison of the 16 simulations we observe that the spread between models is much larger than the ensemble average for the salt transfer and for the heat transfer between layer 1 and layer 2. At lower layers (below 600 m) there is a set of models showing a good agreement between them, while others are not correlated with any other. The mechanisms behind the ensemble spread are not straightforward. First, to have a coarse resolution prevents the model to correctly represent the heat and salt redistribution in the basin. Second, those models with a very different initial stratification also show a very different redistribution, especially at intermediate and deep layers. Finally, the assimilation of data seems to perturb the heat and salt redistribution. Besides this, the differences among regional models that share similar spatial resolution and initial conditions are induced by more subtle mechanisms which depend on the variable and process analyzed. In order to reduce the uncertainties in the Mediterranean regional climate projections further modelling studies and better observational datasets are needed to constrain the main sources of discrepancies among models. In the absence of those, an ensemble modelling approach as the one followed in the Med-CORDEX initiative seems to be the best solution to evaluate model uncertainties into the future climate projections. |
英文关键词 | Heat fluxes Salt fluxes Mediterranean Sea Ocean regional climate models Med-CORDEX |
领域 | 气候变化 |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000439141800021 |
WOS关键词 | CLIMATE ; STRAIT ; SYSTEM ; CIRCULATION ; REANALYSIS |
WOS类目 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
WOS研究方向 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/36251 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
作者单位 | 1.UIB, CSIC, Mediterranean Inst Adv Studies IMEDEA, Miquel Marques 21, Esporles 0719, Spain; 2.CNRS, CNRM Meteo France, UMR 3589, Toulouse, France; 3.European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Water Res Unit, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy; 4.Inst Natl Sci & Technol Mer, 28,Rue 2 Mars 1934 2025 Salammbo, Tunis, Tunisia; 5.UPMC, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,ENS, F-91128 Palaiseau, France; 6.Goethe Univ, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany; 7.Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundestr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; 8.ENEA Ctr Ric Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, I-00123 Rome, Italy |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Llasses, J.,Jorda, G.,Gomis, D.,et al. Heat and salt redistribution within the Mediterranean Sea in the Med-CORDEX model ensemble[J]. CLIMATE DYNAMICS,2018,51(3):1119-1143. |
APA | Llasses, J..,Jorda, G..,Gomis, D..,Adloff, F..,Macias, D..,...&Sannino, G..(2018).Heat and salt redistribution within the Mediterranean Sea in the Med-CORDEX model ensemble.CLIMATE DYNAMICS,51(3),1119-1143. |
MLA | Llasses, J.,et al."Heat and salt redistribution within the Mediterranean Sea in the Med-CORDEX model ensemble".CLIMATE DYNAMICS 51.3(2018):1119-1143. |
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