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DOI | 10.1289/EHP10207 |
Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts, Ingested Nitrate, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women | |
Danielle N. Medgyesi; Britton Trabert; Joshua Sampson; Peter J. Weyer; Anna Prizment; Jared A. Fisher; Laura E. Beane Freeman; Mary H. Ward; Rena R. Jones | |
2022-05-27 | |
发表期刊 | Environmental Health Perspectives |
出版年 | 2022 |
英文摘要 | AbstractBackground:Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and N-nitroso compounds (NOC), formed endogenously after nitrate ingestion, are suspected endometrial carcinogens, but epidemiological studies are limited. Objectives:We investigated the relationship of these exposures with endometrial cancer risk in a large prospective cohort. Methods:Among postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women’s Health Study cohort, we evaluated two major classes of DBPs, total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5), and nitrate-nitrogen () in public water supplies (PWS) in relation to incident primary endometrial cancer (1986–2014). For women using their PWS at enrollment (; ), we computed historical averages of annual concentrations; exposures were categorized into quantiles and when possible percentile. We also computed years of PWS use above one-half the U.S. maximum contaminant level (; TTHM; HAA5; ). Dietary nitrate/nitrite intakes were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) via Cox models adjusted for age, endometrial cancer risk factors [e.g., body mass index, hormone replacement therapy (HRT)], and mutually adjusted for . We evaluated associations for low-grade () vs. high-grade () type I tumors. We assessed interactions between exposures and endometrial cancer risk factors and dietary factors influencing NOC formation. Results:Higher average concentrations of DBPs (95th percentile: TTHM , HAA5 ) were associated with endometrial cancer risk (TTHM: , 95% CI: 1.41, 3.40; HAA5: , 95% CI: 1.19, 2.83; ). Associations were similarly observed for women greater than median years of PWS use with levels , in comparison with zero years (TTHM: , 95% CI: 1.18, 2.21; HAA5: , 95% CI: 1.31, 2.62). Associations with DBPs appeared stronger for low-grade tumors (TTHM: , 95% CI: 1.17, 3.83; ) than for high-grade tumors (TTHM: , 95% CI: 0.80, 2.44; ), but differences were not statistically significant (). Associations with TTHM were stronger among ever HRT users than non-HRT users (). We observed no associations with in drinking water or diet. Discussion:We report novel associations between the highest DBP levels and endometrial cancer for our Iowa cohort that warrant future evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10207 |
领域 | 资源环境 |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/351431 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Danielle N. Medgyesi,Britton Trabert,Joshua Sampson,et al. Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts, Ingested Nitrate, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2022. |
APA | Danielle N. Medgyesi.,Britton Trabert.,Joshua Sampson.,Peter J. Weyer.,Anna Prizment.,...&Rena R. Jones.(2022).Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts, Ingested Nitrate, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women.Environmental Health Perspectives. |
MLA | Danielle N. Medgyesi,et al."Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts, Ingested Nitrate, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women".Environmental Health Perspectives (2022). |
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