The key challenge of 'quality' of water needs to be addressed in a more holistic manner, which is widely related to issues of 'inadequate' treatment of wastewater, contaminated groundwater with the presence of arsenic, fluoride, heavy metals, pesticides from agricultural run-offs, and various anthropogenic activities leading to issues of froth, high ammonia levels, etc. in surface and river water. Such issues require a clear understanding, evidence-based R&D analysis, newer integrated approaches in problem-solving, promoting and adopting novel, advanced, and promising indigenous technologies, along with corroborating with secondary data and existing reports.