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Hundreds of dredging rafts operated by illegal miners have gathered in a gold rush on the Madeira River, a major tributary of the Amazon, floating hundreds of miles as state and federal authorities dispute who is responsible for stopping them.

The rafts equipped with pumps are moored together in lines that nearly stretch across the vast Madeira, and a Reuters witness spotted plumes of exhaust indicating they are vacuuming the riverbed for gold.

“We counted no less than 300 rafts. They’ve been there at least two weeks and the government has done nothing,” said Greenpeace Brazil activist Danicley Aguiar.

The gold rush began as world leaders gathered for a United Nations climate conference in Glasgow, where Brazil vowed it had stepped up protection of the Amazon rainforest.

However, far-right President Jair Bolsonaro has weakened environmental enforcement since taking office in 2019, turning a blind eye to invasions of protected public and indigenous lands by illegal loggers, cattle ranchers and wildcat gold miners.

The Madeira flows some 2,000 miles (3,300 km) from its source in Bolivia through the rainforest in Brazil and into the Amazon River.

The dredging rafts have floated downriver from the Humaita area, where there has been a surge in illegal gold mining, and were last seen some 400 miles (650 km) away in Autazes, a municipal district southeast of Manaus.

A spokesperson for Brazil’s environmental protection agency Ibama said the illegal dredging on the Madeira river was the responsibility not of the federal government but of Amazonas state and its environmental agency IPAAM.

The head of IPAAM, Juliano Valente, said his agency has instructed state security forces to act, but he insisted that the river is federal jurisdiction and so enforcement should fall to federal police and the National Mining Agency (ANM).

Federal police and the ANM did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

“It’s a free-for-all. None of the authorities are doing anything to stop illegal mining, which has become a epidemic in the Amazon,” Aguiar said.

(By Bruno Kelly and Anthony Boadle; Editing by Brad Haynes and Mark Potter)