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Cutting ammonia emissions is a cost-effective way to prevent air pollution deaths | |
admin | |
2021-11-04 | |
发布年 | 2021 |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | 奥地利 |
领域 | 气候变化 |
正文(英文) | A research team led by scientists from Zhejiang University in China used the IIASA GAINS model, among other tools, to develop a new metric, called the 'Nitrogen-share' (N-share), to estimate the contribution of nitrogen compounds to PM2.5 (fine particle) air pollution and the associated health effects. N-share expresses the contribution of a given compound containing nitrogen to an effect in question. PM2.5 air pollution is the largest environmental risk factor for human health worldwide. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen compounds such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), deriving from fossil fuel combustion in power plants, industrial furnaces or boilers, as well as vehicle emissions, and ammonia (NH3) emissions mainly from agricultural and natural sources are important precursors of PM2.5 formation in the atmosphere. The study, published in Science, revealed, via a cost-benefit analysis, that ammonia mitigation is one of the most cost-effective ways to improve global air quality and public health. The research team used three atmospheric chemistry transport models to simulate total PM2.5 concentration with and without nitrogen compound emissions and found that NH3 emissions have a larger contribution to PM2.5 than NOx emissions. Using the GAINS model developed by IIASA, the team was able to quantify the potential to reduce emissions, and the financial costs such measures would have. They compared implementation costs of nitrogen compound abatement across sectors and countries with the benefits of reduced mortality to estimate the overall effects of abatement programs, and to derive important policy conclusions. The study found that:
The study assessed costs and benefits of NH3 and NOx emission reductions and found the global average cost in US$ of reducing NH3 emission ($1.5 per kg of NH3-N) is over four times lower than the global health benefits ($6.9 per kg of NH3-N), but the abatement cost of NOx emission ($16 per kg of NOx-N) is over two times higher than the global health benefits ($7.3 per kg of NOx-N). This effectively means the marginal global cost of ammonia emission abatement is only 10% of nitrogen oxide emission abatement, meaning ammonia reduction is cheaper and more effective. "The GAINS model is a perfect tool to align abatement cost and effects of air pollution, allowing for robust policy recommendations," said IIASA researcher Shaohui Zhang. IIASA researcher, Wilfried Winiwarter, added that the N-share approach has great value because of its wide applicability across impact studies. "We have started looking at N compounds because they allow novel views to identify measures that benefit the environment in more than one aspect," he said. "We now can look more easily into pollution related effects including biodiversity or climate change that are also severely affected by nitrogen compounds." Nitrogen cycles at multiple scales have been the focus of a range of IIASA activities, as compounds investigated allow to differently perceive seemingly unrelated problems, and to identify pathways of joint solutions directed to a range of environmental impacts simultaneously. More information, including a copy of the paper, can be found online at the Science press package at https://www.eurekalert.org/press/scipak/. You will need your user ID and password to access this information. Reference Gu B., Zhang L., Van Dingenen R., Vieno M., Van Grinsven H., Zhang X., Zhang S., Chen Y., Wang S., Ren C., Rao S., Holland M., Winiwarter W., Chen D., Xu J., Sutton M. (2021). Abating ammonia is more cost-effective than nitrogen oxides for mitigating PM2.5 air pollution. Science DOI: 10.1126/science.abf8623 |
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来源平台 | International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis |
文献类型 | 新闻 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/340548 |
专题 | 气候变化 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | admin. Cutting ammonia emissions is a cost-effective way to prevent air pollution deaths. 2021. |
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