Global S&T Development Trend Analysis Platform of Resources and Environment
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.2109249118 |
Local- and regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring | |
Sarah E. Chambliss; Carlos P.R. Pinon; Kyle P. Messier; Brian LaFranchi; Crystal Romeo Upperman; Melissa M. Lunden; Allen L. Robinson; Julian D. Marshall; Joshua S. Apte | |
2021-09-14 | |
发表期刊 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
出版年 | 2021 |
英文摘要 | Disparity in air pollution exposure arises from variation at multiple spatial scales: along urban-to-rural gradients, between individual cities within a metropolitan region, within individual neighborhoods, and between city blocks. Here, we improve on existing capabilities to systematically compare urban variation at several scales, from hyperlocal (<100 m) to regional (>10 km), and to assess consequences for outdoor air pollution experienced by residents of different races and ethnicities, by creating a set of uniquely extensive and high-resolution observations of spatially variable pollutants: NO, NO2, black carbon (BC), and ultrafine particles (UFP). We conducted full-coverage monitoring of a wide sample of urban and suburban neighborhoods (93 km2 and 450,000 residents) in four counties of the San Francisco Bay Area using Google Street View cars equipped with the Aclima mobile platform. Comparing scales of variation across the sampled population, greater differences arise from localized pollution gradients for BC and NO (pollutants dominated by primary sources) and from regional gradients for UFP and NO2 (pollutants dominated by secondary contributions). Median concentrations of UFP, NO, and NO2 are, for Hispanic and Black populations, 8 to 30% higher than the population average; for White populations, average exposures to these pollutants are 9 to 14% lower than the population average. Systematic racial/ethnic disparities are influenced by regional concentration gradients due to sharp contrasts in demographic composition among cities and urban districts, while within-group extremes arise from local peaks. Our results illustrate how detailed and extensive fine-scale pollution observations can add new insights about differences and disparities in air pollution exposures at the population scale. |
领域 | 资源环境 |
URL | 查看原文 |
引用统计 | |
文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/337650 |
专题 | 资源环境科学 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Sarah E. Chambliss,Carlos P.R. Pinon,Kyle P. Messier,et al. Local- and regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2021. |
APA | Sarah E. Chambliss.,Carlos P.R. Pinon.,Kyle P. Messier.,Brian LaFranchi.,Crystal Romeo Upperman.,...&Joshua S. Apte.(2021).Local- and regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. |
MLA | Sarah E. Chambliss,et al."Local- and regional-scale racial and ethnic disparities in air pollution determined by long-term mobile monitoring".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2021). |
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