资源环境科技发展态势分析平台

The Ekman streamfunction is a wind-derived metric that can be used to infer the Southern Ocean overturning circulations in both latitude–depth and latitude–potential density spaces. The Ekman streamfunction integrates the Ekman pumping zonally and northwards from Antarctica, either to a given latitude or potential density. Here we evaluate the relationship between the Ekman streamfunction and Southern Ocean overturning circulations in a global 0. ocean–sea-ice model driven by interannual forcing (1958–2018). In certain regions of the Southern Ocean, strong correlations () exist between the Ekman streamfunction and the Eulerian and residual Southern Ocean overturning circulations on monthly and annual timescales. Regression analysis identifies regions where Ekman streamfunction variability coincides with  Sv changes in the overturning; one such location is where the wind stress curl changes sign and the Ekman pumping is highly variable.