Eastern Europe's fraught waterway plans

doi:10.1126/science.abk2377

GSTDTAP > 气候变化

DOI	10.1126/science.abk2377
	Eastern Europe's fraught waterway plans
	Ignacy Kitowski; Grzegorz Grzywaczewski
	2021-08-13
发表期刊	Science
出版年	2021
英文摘要	In December 2020, the Ukrainian parliament passed the Inland Water Transport Act, paving the way for the construction of the E40 international waterway, Europe's longest water route ([ 1 ][1]). The proposed 2000-km waterway would connect the Baltic Sea port in Gdansk, Poland, with the Black Sea port of Kherson, Ukraine, likely within a decade. The waterway would include parts of the Vistula, Wieprz, Bug, Pina, Pripyat, and Dnieper rivers ([ 2 ][2], [ 3 ][3]), posing a threat to the wetlands of Polesia, an ecosystem that has been referred to as Europe's Amazon ([ 4 ][4]). The Ukrainian government supports this project as a symbol of geopolitical connection to Europe during the country's conflict with Russia ([ 3 ][3]) and will likely fund the first part of the construction in its 2022 or 2023 budget, but thorough ecological assessments should take place before the project moves forward ([ 2 ][2], [ 3 ][3]). The proposed E40 would require construction in protected areas such as Polesie State Radioecological Reserve in Belarus and Mizhrichynsky Landscape Park and Chernobyl General Zoological Reserve (part of the Chernobyl Radioecological Reserve) in Ukraine. In April, the Ukrainian government removed the E40 from the updated draft 2030 Chernobyl Exclusion Zone Development Strategy ([ 5 ][5]), allowing construction work on nearby river bottoms that otherwise would have been forbidden. The planned waterway would pass within 2 km of the former Chernobyl nuclear plant ([ 5 ][5], [ 6 ][6]). Now that an exception has been made for its construction, the project will likely bring radionuclides that were emitted during the Chernobyl disaster from river bottoms to the surface ([ 5 ][5], [ 6 ][6]). Poland also strongly supports the planned construction ([ 6 ][6], [ 7 ][7]), despite the risks the project poses to the country's protected areas, including 12 Natura 2000 areas, 1 national park, 4 landscape parks, and 24 nature reserves ([ 2 ][2]). In addition, the E40 would deprive the 772-km Bug river—the last and the longest unregulated river in Europe ([ 2 ][2], [ 3 ][3], [ 6 ][6], [ 7 ][7])—of its ability to perform ecosystem services, threatening the drinking water supply for Warsaw's 1.8 million inhabitants by compromising the river's role in treating contaminated water flowing to Poland from Ukraine ([ 3 ][3], [ 6 ][6], [ 7 ][7]). The E40 waterway is a serious threat to vulnerable species, such as the aquatic warbler ( Acrocephalus paludicola ) ([ 8 ][8]), and ecosystems that survived the communist period in Eastern Europe ([ 2 ][2]). In Ukraine and Poland, there is a strong political will to implement the project ([ 1 ][1], [ 6 ][6]), but areas of global and regional environmental importance should not be put under pressure for political reasons. Scientists must work to prevent the coming habitat destruction by appealing to the governments of these countries to postpone construction until the environmental consequences are better understood. 1. [↵][9]1. O. Shevchenko , “Ukraina przyjęła ustawę istotną dla odbudowy drogi wodnej E40” (2021); [www.ecpp.org.pl/ukraina-przyjela-ustawe-istotna-dla-odbudowy-drogi--wodnej-e40][10] [in Polish]. 2. [↵][11]1. G. Grzywaczewski, 2. I. Kitowski , Oryx 53, 4 (2019). [OpenUrl][12] 3. [↵][13]1. I. Kitowski, 2. M. Oskierko , Przeglad Geopolit. 30 (2019) [in Polish]. 4. [↵][14]1. P. Weston , “The race to save Polesia, Europe's secret Amazon,” The Guardian (2020). 5. [↵][15]Save Polesia, “E40 waterway removed from Ukrainian Exclusion Zone Strategy” (2021); . 6. [↵][16]1. P. Nowak , “Droga wodna E40 ma połၔczyć Bałtyk z Morzem Czarnym. Eksperci ostrzegają: To grozi katastrofą” (2020); [in Polish]. 7. [↵][17]Polish Society for the Protection of Birds, “Kosztowna droga wodna E40—ekspertyza ekonomiczna” (2020); [in Polish]. 8. [↵][18]1. G. Grzywaczewski, 2. I. Kitowski , Science 365, 134 (2019). [OpenUrl][19][FREE Full Text][20] [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #ref-6 [7]: #ref-7 [8]: #ref-8 [9]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [10]: http://www.ecpp.org.pl/ukraina-przyjela-ustawe-istotna-dla-odbudowy-drogi--wodnej-e40 [11]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [12]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DOryx%26rft.volume%253D53%26rft.spage%253D4%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [13]: #xref-ref-3-1 "View reference 3 in text" [14]: #xref-ref-4-1 "View reference 4 in text" [15]: #xref-ref-5-1 "View reference 5 in text" [16]: #xref-ref-6-1 "View reference 6 in text" [17]: #xref-ref-7-1 "View reference 7 in text" [18]: #xref-ref-8-1 "View reference 8 in text" [19]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.aulast%253DGrzywaczewski%26rft.auinit1%253DG.%26rft.volume%253D365%26rft.issue%253D6449%26rft.spage%253D134%26rft.epage%253D134%26rft.atitle%253DPoland%2527s%2Bconflicting%2Benvironmental%2Blaws%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.aax5830%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F31296762%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [20]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEyOiIzNjUvNjQ0OS8xMzQiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNDoiL3NjaS8zNzMvNjU1Ni83NTIuMS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=
领域	气候变化 ; 资源环境
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文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.173/C666/handle/2XK7JSWQ/335863
专题	气候变化资源环境科学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ignacy Kitowski,Grzegorz Grzywaczewski. Eastern Europe's fraught waterway plans[J]. Science,2021.
APA	Ignacy Kitowski,&Grzegorz Grzywaczewski.(2021).Eastern Europe's fraught waterway plans.Science.
MLA	Ignacy Kitowski,et al."Eastern Europe's fraught waterway plans".Science (2021).